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Bulgars 4000 BC-336 AD |
Bulgars 800-1099 AD |
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DATELINE |
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Time |
Events |
|
1100 |
Kipchaks are subdivided into hordes: Dniepr, Don, Lower Itil (Kipchak-Saksin), Eastern (Kipchak). |
|
1103 |
Established settlement Uchel (Kazan) |
|
1103 |
W. Kipchaks are raided and defeated on river Suten (Molochnaya) by Voldemir Monomakh and Svyatopolk Izyaslavich of Kiev. 20 Kipchak princes died. Kipchaks retreat from Bug. |
|
1109 |
Don Kipchaks are invaded and defeated by Rus Knyazes. |
|
1110 |
Kipchaks stone monuments spread in Dniepr basin, Crimea, N.Azov, Don, itil, N Caucasus |
|
1111 |
Don Kipchaks are again invaded and defeated by Rus Knyazes. |
|
1116 |
Don Kipchaks are again invaded and defeated by Rus Knyazes. Cities Sharukhan, Sugrov and Balin with Alano-Bulgar populations are taken. |
|
1116 |
(1116-1236) End of Russo-Kipchak wars. Kipchaks ally with Rus Principalities and join in in Rus intestine wars. In 120 years Kipchaks participate in 16 Russo-Russo wars, with only 6 Russo-Kipchak invasions and 6 Kipchak-Russo invasions. |
|
1117 |
Kipchaks under Khan Otrok retreat to N Caucasus steppes. Kipchak Khan Syrchan remains in Don Steppes. Kipchaks under Khan Otrok on way to N Caucasus destroy Sarkel, last known as Itil Bulgarian domain. Its inhabitants with Besenyos (Bedjenek) and Oguz Tür |
|
1118 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Adam (1076-1118) died, Shamgun (Sain) becomes Khan (1118-1135) |
|
1118 |
Old capital city Bulgar becomes capital of Itil Bulgaria instead of city Bilyar. |
|
1118 |
Kipchaks make peace with Alans. Khan Otrak has 40K army and is allied with Georgian King David IV the Builder and participates in war with Seljuks. A number of Kipchaks settle in Georgia. |
|
1120 |
Capital of Itil Bulgaria is again transferred from city Bulgar to city Bilyar |
|
1122 |
As-Tarkhan established settlement As-Tarkhan (Astrakhan) |
|
1122 |
Russes defeat Cumans |
|
1123 |
Scyths/Besenyos (Bedjenek) reported as really wiped out by Byzantine Emperor John II in 1123. |
|
1124 |
Formation of Kara Kitai Empire in Transoxania. |
|
1130 |
1130-1150 Kipchaks participate in intercine wars of Rus principalities. |
|
1135 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Shamgun (Sain) (1118-1135) died, Khisam Anbal becomes Khan (1135-1164). |
|
1136 |
Khan Khisam Anbal established station Omek (Omsk) |
|
1137 |
Khan Khisam Anbal established station Kazgyn (Novosibirsk) |
|
1150 |
Bulgars had their own scientists and poets. Jakub ibn-Nogman who wrote ”History of Bulgaria” lived in first half of XII century. Scholar Burchan ibn-Bulgari wrote book on rhetoric and medicine. |
|
1152 |
Kipchak lands are defined in Ipatievsk Chronicle and Chronicle of Igor. Itil, N Black Sea, Sula, Crimea (Suroj and Korsun (Kerch), Tmutarkhan (NW Fore-Caucusus) |
|
1155 |
Tatars capture Mongol Qutula Kagan's brother Okin-barqaq and cousin Ambaqai and deliver them to Kin, who executed them by nailing to a wooden donkey. |
|
1161 |
Tatars, allied with Kin, defeat Mongols at Bor Nor, in retaliation for Mongol Qutula Kagan raids, plunder of Kin. First Mongolian royalty is destroyed, Qutula Kagan's sons Jochi and Altan don't have titles, and people reverted to old tribal order. |
|
1161 |
Once victory made Tatars masters of Eastern Gobi, they incessantly harassed frontiers of Kin. |
|
1164 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Khisam Anbal (1135-1164) is captured, Otyak becomes Khan (1164-1178). |
|
1167 |
Tatars poisoned baghatur Yesugei, father of Chingiz Khan and a chief of Mongolian Kiyat clan, at a friendly meal in steppe. Chingiz Khan is born about 1167 on right bank of Onon, in region of Dulun-Boldaq (Russia). |
|
1171 |
Besenyos lose control of Moldova to Cumans (1171-1241) |
|
1175 |
Kipchaks consolidate into 2 confederated hordes, Dniepr and Don. Al Mansuri and An Nuvayri mention Burjogly and Toksoba confederations. |
|
1178 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Otyak (1164-1178) died, Gabdulla Chelbir becomes Khan (1178-1225). |
|
1183 |
GAZNELI EMPIRE |
|
1184 |
Dniepr Kipchaks are again attacked and their Khan Kobyak is captured. Kobyak is from line Toglyy/Izay/Osoluk/Kobyak |
|
1185 |
Don Kipchaks are again attacked, unsuccessfully, by Igor Svyatoslavich of Novgorod-Severskiy. |
|
1185 |
A number of Kipchaks, in 10's K, settle in Georgia in times of George III (1152-1184) and Quinn Tamara (1184-1214). |
|
1195 |
1195- Kipchaks participate in intercine wars of Rus principalities. |
|
1198 |
Kin re-oriented and allied with Kerayit Khan Torgul. Torgul, accompanied by Chingiz Khan, attacked from northwest, and Kin from southeast, and defeated Tatars at Bor Nor. Torgul, with Chingiz Khan, chase Tatar chief Megujin SeUltu along Ulja river. |
|
1201 |
Tatars join anti-Wamg-Khan an Chingiz Khan coalition that included 8 Mongol clans, and Türkic Markit, Oirat, Naiman. |
|
1202 |
Kipchak Khan Kotyan's reign (1202-1240) over territories in N. Pontic and Hungary |
|
1202 |
After subjugating Mongolian clan Tayichi'ut, Chingiz Khan turns to Chaghan Tatars and Alchi Tatars. Tatars vanquished and were massacred and were distributed among Mongol tribes. Chingiz Khan choosed two beautiful Tatar women, Yesui and Yesugan. |
|
1202 |
Further east, Solons, of river Nonni, acknowledge Chingiz Khan as tributaries. |
|
1203 |
Chingiz Khan is in control of eastern Mongolia. Naimans under Khan Tayang remain in control of western Mongolia. |
|
1203 |
Türkic tribes Markit, Oirat, Tatars, with rebel Mongolian clans, unite against Chingiz Khan, but he is warned about war by Ongut-Türks' Alaqush-tegin, invited into alliance to outflank Chingiz Khan. |
|
1203 |
Chingiz Khan calls quriltai and starts a war against Naimans and allies. |
|
1206 |
Chingiz Khan calls quriltai and is proclaimed Kagan of all Turco-Mongol peoples. |
|
1206 |
Khazar Jews are reported to use a form of Cyrillic script. |
|
1209 |
Uighurs, under Barchuq, submit to Mongol rule |
|
1212 |
End of KARAHANID Empire |
|
1218 |
Chingiz Khan starts western campaign. |
|
1219 |
Chingiz Khan grants Muyten Bey yarlik for Bashkir? Kipchak? Ulus from Yaik and Agizel (Belaya), tributary of Kama, to Irtish. |
|
1220 |
Chingiz Khan conquest of Bukhara, Samarkand, Tirmidh and Gurganj |
|
1220 |
Uchel (Kazan) renamed Gazan |
|
1220 |
Rus Knyaz George II of Vladimir raids Itil Bulgars, captures Oshel and other cities along Kama. Bilyar city was saved by paying rich ransome |
|
1221 |
Chingiz Khan conquest of Balkh, Merv, Heart and Nishapur. |
|
1222 |
Defeat of Alans and Kipchaks in first fight against Mongol-Tatars. Mongol-Tatars seizing capital of Alania Magas (Meget). |
|
1223 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Gabdulla Chelbir makes a deal with Juchi to help him in taking Khwarezm, Persia and Caucasus in exchange of not attacking Itil Bulgaria |
|
1223 |
An important Russo-Kipchak force was defeated on , at battle of Kalka. |
|
1223 |
War councel in Kiev: Kipchak Khan Kotyak Galicia Knyaz Mstislav Mstislavich Udaloy (Brave) Kiev Knyaz Mstislav Romanovich Chernigov Knyaz Mstislav Svyatoslavich Volyn Knyaz Daniil Kursk Knyaz Oleg Smolensk Knyaz Vladimir Former Novgorod Knyaz Vsevolod |
|
1223 |
80K Russo-Kipchak force was defeated by 20K, 3 tumen force of Subetai on June 16, (May 31?) 1223, at battle of Kalka. |
|
1223 |
Gabdulla Chelbir collects 24K army, of 5K Kursybays, 3K militia of Dair Tetush, 6K Kazanchies, 10K Bashkorts. Staged at Kermek, NW of Mardan-Sember (Simbirsk), Left bank of Itil. Subetai had 20K Tataro-Mongols, and 50K Turkmen and Kumans. |
|
1223 |
Second son of Subetai Uran Kytai led a battle at Kermek and ordered a surrender to Gabdulla Chelbir of 38K surviving troops. Subetai lost 4K dead, and ransomed captured in exchange for sheep. |
|
1223 |
Chingiz Khan army penetration as far as Novgorod. |
|
1225 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Gabdulla Chelbir (1178-1225) dies, ?? becomes Khan () |
|
1227 |
Juchi dies, Batu becomes Ulus Juchi (Kipchak) Khan (1227-1255) |
|
1227 |
Cuman Khan west of the Dneiper Barc/Bortz/Bortch (Turk. ”debt”) and 15,000 of his people baptized as Catholics and swear allegiance to Hungary in Moldavia |
|
1228 |
First bishopric of Cumania established in Transylvania and King Béla IV of Hungary assumed title “king of Cumania” |
|
1229 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan ?? died, Gazi Baradj becomes Khan (1229-1246) |
|
1229 |
Chingiz Khan dies in 1229, Ogodei becomes Khan (1229-1241). |
|
1235 |
Eastern Desht-I Kipchak from Altai to Idel are included in Tataro-Mongol Empire Kipchak Kaganaate |
|
1236 |
5 November 1236 Capital of Itil Bulgaria Bilyar is taken by Batu |
|
1237 |
Capture of Bulgar city and Voronej by Batu Tataro-Mongols, and subjugation of Bulgar population |
|
1237 |
Batu founded his capital, Sarai Batu, in city Saksin-Bolgar on lower stretch of Itil. Capital was later moved upstream to Sarai Berke, which at its peak held perhaps 600,000 inhabitants. |
|
1237 |
Batu Khan becomes ruler of Kipchak Kaganate (Altyn Urdu) |
|
1237 |
Batu army invades Asses and Kipchaks in N.W. Caspian and N. Caucasus. Leading Kipchak warrior Bachman killed, Khan Kotyan retreat beyond Tanais. Batu starts encircling maneuver going through Burtases, Erzya, Moksha, and Rus. |
|
1237 |
KIPCHAK KHANATE (ALTYN URDU) (GOLDEN HORDE) |
|
1238 |
Capture of Moscow, Vladimir and Suzdal. |
|
1239 |
King Béla IV of Hungary granted asylum to Cumans and their prince Kuthen, who had earlier unsuccessfully tried organize Rus resistance to Mongols |
|
1239 |
Assimilation of Alania into Ulus Juchi |
|
1240 |
Batu Khan controls Kipchak, Bulgar, Rus Principalities |
|
1240 |
Batu Khan sack and burn city of Kiev in 1241, and subjugate S.Slavic population |
|
1240 |
Türkic tribes concentrated on animal husbandry in steppes, while their subject peoples, Russ, Mordvinians, Greeks, Georgians, and Armenians, contributed tribute |
|
1240 |
Cumans' leader Kuthen, considered a dangerous alien, is murdered. Cumans left Hungary but resettled there by Béla IV in 1245. |
|
1241 |
Death of Ogodei (1229-1241), Shiramon becomes Khan (1241-1242), then Toragana (Regent) (1242-1246) |
|
1241 |
Tataro-Mongols defeat of Hungarians and European knights. Invasion of Poland all the way to Silesia. Poles beaten in battle of Legnica and Henry the Pious of Silesia killed, yet Poland avoided fate befallen to Ruthenia conquered by Mongols |
|
1241 |
Cumans exacted revenge upon the Hungarians by deserting them in their greatest time of need. They fled to the Balkans, ravaging as they went |
|
1241 |
Mongols defeat Hungarians and European knights. |
|
1241 |
Cumans lose control of Moldova to Mongols (1241-1286 ) |
|
1242 |
End of Daghestani Khazar kingdom. |
|
1243 |
Great Prince Yaroslav II of Vladimir calls a meeting of Rus Knyazes, suggests recognizing Khan Batu as Tsar, and concluding a treaty with Bordjugins clan of Batu, to find a protection from conquering by Teutons and Lithuania. |
|
1243 |
City Saksin-Bolgar is renamed Sarai Batu |
|
1243 |
MONGOL EMPIRE |
|
1246 |
Guük becomes Mongol Khan (1246-1248), then Oghul Ghaimish (Regent) (1248-1251) |
|
1246 |
Itil Bulgaria Khan Gazi Baradj (1229-1246) died. |
|
1246 |
City Nur-Suvar destroyed (922-1246). Present name Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar). |
|
1248 |
Appointment of metropolitan for Khanbalik (Peking) |
|
1249 |
Establishment of Kipchak Türkic Mamluk dynasty in Egypt. |
|
1249 |
1249-1345 Date of inscriptions on Nestorian gravestones near Bishkek |
|
1250 |
City Bolgary became most important trade and craft center of Kipchak Khanate |
| 1096 | End of Eastern European Bulgars' emigration to Danube Bulgaria and Hungary in several successive waves together with Cumans, from end of eleventh to middle of thirteenth centuries |
|
1250 |
Kipchaks spoke a Türkic language whose most important surviving record isCodex Cumanicus, a late 13th-century dictionary of words in Kipchak, Latin, and Persian, compiled by Christian missionaries |
|
1250 |
Presence in Egypt of Kipchak-speaking Mamluks also stimulated compilation of Kipchak-Arabic dictionaries and grammars written in Egypt and Syria |
|
1250 |
Béla IV's son, future Stephen V, married Cuman princess, and, under rule of their son (Ladislas IV [László]; 1272–90), Cuman influence in Hungarian affairs was great |
|
1250 |
Cumans did not completely assimilate into Hungarian society for centuries |
|
1250 |
Bulgars had their own scientists and poets. Poem by Kul-Gali ”Tale about Yusuf” (13-th century) was well known far from Bulgaria and greatly influenced development of Bulgarian and Tatar literature |
|
1251 |
Alexander Nevsky comes to Sarai Batu, befriended and bebrothered Sartaq, become his anda, and an adopted son of Khan Batu. Aleksnder returns with Tatar army that defeats Teutons. Aleksander receives yarlyk for Rus' Great Prince, in vassalage of Kipchak Khanate |
|
1251 |
Rus is allied with Kipchak Khanate as an autonomous vassal without loss of culture or religion. Rus' principalities refusing protection of Tatars are eventually captured by Lithuania |
|
1251 |
Vassalagetax paid by Rus is 5,000 R a year to XV c and 7,000 R after XV c, or 1.6 kg of grain per person in a country of 5 mln. |
|
1251 |
Mongke becomes Mongol Khan (1251-1258) |
|
1255 |
Hulegu recaptures Samarkand |
|
1255 |
First Buddhist-Taoist debate in Karakorum |
|
1255 |
Kipchak Khan Batu dies (1227-1255), Sartaq the Christian becomes Khan (1255-1257), then Ulagchi the Child (1257-1257) |
|
1257 |
Kipchak Khan Ulagchi the Child dies (1257-1257), Berke the Moslem becomes Khan (1257-1266) |
|
1258 |
After Mongke (1251-1258) Ariq-Buqa (1258-1260) becomes Mongol Khan |
|
1258 |
Second Buddhist-Taoist debate in Karakorum. |
|
1259 |
Crusader offensive by Ariq-Buqa Khan on Jerusalem. In Ain-Djalud battle noyon Kit-Buga is defeated by Mamluk army |
|
1260 |
After Ariq-Buqa (1258-1260) Kublai becomes Mongol Khan (1260-1294) |
|
1261 |
Kipchak Khan Berke exchanges ambassadors with Mamluk Egypt |
|
1262 |
First war between Kipchak Kaganate and Il Khans |
|
1263 |
Kipchak Khan Berke alliance with Mamluk Egypt |
|
1263 |
Kipchak Khanate carried on an extensive trade with Mediterranean peoples, particularly their allies in Mamluk Egypt and Genoese |
|
1265 |
20,000 horsemen against Byzantium |
|
1266 |
Kipchak Khan Berke the Moslem dies (1257-1266), Mangu Timur becomes Khan (1266-1280) |
|
1269 |
50,000 horsemen to help Qaidu |
|
1278 |
Mongol-Tatars and Rus allies seize Alanian town Dediakov. |
|
1279 |
Kipchak Khanate Khan Mangu Timur installed Kipchak (Cuman) George Terter I Khan of Danube Bulgaria (1280-1292) |
|
1280 |
Kipchak Khanate Khan Mangu Timur (1266-1280) dies, Tode Mangu the Moslem becomes Khan (1280-1287) |
|
1281 |
War between Mamluks and Mongols. Destruction of Mongol fleet off Japanese coast |
|
1286 |
Mongols lose control of Moldova to Lithuania (1241-1286 ) |
|
1287 |
Kipchak Khanate Khan Tode Mangu the Moslem (1280-1287) dies, Tole Buqa becomes Khan (1287-1290) |
|
1290 |
Kipchak Khanate Khan Tole Buqa (1287-1290) dies, Tokhtaga becomes Kipchak Khan (1290-1312) |
|
1295 |
Accession of Ghazan to Il Khanid throne. June 19: Public conversion of Ghazan to Islam. |
|
1297 |
Adoption by Il Khanid Ghazan of Islamic state symbols. |
|
1298 |
Hungarian-Cuman force fights in Battle of Gollheim with army of Albrecht I of Habsburg |
|
1299 |
OTTOMAN EMPIRE |
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