| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
750 BC |
Hesiod, 7th Century BC, writes: Inventors of bronze working were Scythians. The early Messopotamian name for metal is Zubur,
indicating that northern Messopotamian Subartuans or a people of that region were indeed inventors of process. |
124 BC |
Asi (Yazig), Pasiani (Budini/Beçen/Besenyo/Peçenek), Tocharian, Sabir (Sabaroi) tribes break into Sogdiana and Bactria. In next
five years two Parthian emperors loose their lives in wars. Later Sakauraka (Türkic ‘Saka-farmers’) tribe is also conquered by them. |
| 124AD |
Dionysius Periegetes (the Guide), during emperor Hadrian (117-138), "Orbis terrae descriptio" map showing Huns (Unni), Caspii, Massagets,
Sacii, Alani, Scyths, Hyrcanii, Sarmats, Taurii |
 |
139 |
Ptolemy (83?-161? AD) writes that in European Sarmatia ‘below Agathyrsi (Akatsirs, Türkic agach ers ‘forest people’) live Savari (Türkic
Suvars), between Basternae and Rhoxolani (Tr. Uraksy Alans, i.e. ‘Alans-farmers’) live Huns |
 |
| 227 |
Agafangel: Huns participated in joint military campaign of Armenians and Caucasian peoples against Persians |
| 307 |
Agafangel: Second mention of the Huns dated by time of reign of Tiridat III (287-330.) |
| 300 |
Bolgars and Khazars are blood relatives, with a common or similar language. |
| 350 |
Moisei Khorensky: Huns were giving refuge to "heretic" refugees from Armenia expelled by Christians |
| 360 |
Favstos Buzand: Huns, together with Alans, participated in fight of Armenians headed by king Arshak II (350-368) against armies
of Persian king Shapur II (309-379) |
| 370 |
Huns control N. Pontic, Tanais and N. Caspian steppes. Living there Alans join Huns. |
| 372 |
Don Alans crushed by Huns. Part of Alans joins Huns to Europe |
| 395 |
Euseus Hieronim and Ieshu Stilit: intrusion of Caspian Huns to Asia Minor |
| 399 |
Euseus Hieronim: intrusion of Caspian Huns to Syria 399. |
| 400 |
Arab and Pers authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer), capital of Hun state, Sulak valley near Upper Chir-Ürt in Dagestan.
Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. Arab and Pers authors mention town Varachan (Belenjer), capital of Hun state, Sulak
valley near Upper Chir-Ürt in Dagestan. Later authors refer to Balanjar as native land of Khazars. |
| 400 |
Ancestors of Khazars among Huns called selves Basils (Bas, head; il/el, country - head of land? one of few etymologies ) |
420 |
WHITE HUN EMPIRE 420 - 552 A.D
Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Area - Half of northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan
(Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2) |
| 434 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: ca. 434 Khazars are Attila's tributary, followed banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the
Catalanian fields in company with the Black Huns and Alans |
| 450 |
Lazar Parbetsi: Allied armies of S.Caucasian countries capture
fortifications named "pahane Honsü" (defense against Hons) |
| 450 |
Egishe Vardapet: Caspian Huns support revolt by Armenians against Persians in 450-451 |
450 |
Per Priscus, Sabirs conquered lands of Onogurs, Saragurs and Ugors in steppes around north-western Caspian coast. |
| 451 |
Sidonius Apollinaris: Khazars follow banners of Attila, and in 452 fought on the Catalaunian fields in company with
the Black Huns and Alans. |
453 |
After death of Atilla, his 183 sons draw lots to divide Kaganate. To Ellak, eldest of Atilla sons’s brothers, was given ulus
(Oguz) of a horde called Sabirs. To Tengiz (Dengizik), was given ulus (Oguz) of a horde called Kutrigurs. To Bel-Kermek (Hernach), youngest, was
given ulus (Oguz) of a horde called Utigurs. |
454 |
Coalition of Germanic clans defeats and kills Ellak in battle. Sabirs without Ellak retreat to the East, through Pontic Steppes,
to Dagestan. Kutriguri and Utiguri under Bel-Kermek (Hernach), fell back to 'Ugol' place that corresponds to Bessarabia. |
469 |
Western Hunnish clans retreated. Utigurs to Azov-Taman SE of Sea of Azov. Kutrigurs to between Dniepr and Don Rivers, NW from
Sea of Azov Utigurs. Sabirs in Dagestan SE of other two Hunnic hordes, between Daryal Gorge and Kuma River on the Caspian Sea. |
| |
Lazar Parbetsi: In anti-Persian revolt of 481-484 Armenians wanted to get support from Caspian Huns. |
| 488 |
Khazarian khalifa begins rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus |
505 |
Sabirs from Pannonia begin to immigrate to North Caucasus and Itil valley |
505 |
Sabirs created a powerful federation of akin tribes, "Kingdom of Huns". They were populous and had an army of 20,000 well
equipped cavalrymen. They were masters of art of war and build siege machines unknown to Persians and Byzantines |
| 515 |
515-516 Hunno-Savirs attack Armenia |
| 531 |
Khazarian khalifa loses rule over Georgia and Abania in S. Caucasus to Persian Sasanid Chosroes I (531-578) |
| 531 |
End of reign of Sassanid Persian Shakh Kobad (Kavad) I, begining of Shakh Khusrau Anushirvan (531-579) |
| 540 |
Hunno-Savirs attack S.Caucasia |
552 |
End of WHITE HUN EMPIRE 420 - 552 A.D
Founder - Aksuvar (Aksungur)
Area - Half of northern India, Afghanistan, parts of Turkistan
(Total Area - 3,500,000 Km2) |
552 |
Sabirs switch from allying with Iran to Byzantine and conquer Agvania (aka Abania). Byzantine conquer Italy |
| 552 |
Savir-Khazars attack Albania |
| 552 |
GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
554 |
Persians defeat Sabirs in Agvania. |
| 555 |
555-567 Struggle of Türkic Kaganate with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
558 |
Avars first crushed Türkic Sabirs, allies of Byzantine, who lived on Kuma river and in Dagestan. Avars then crushed Uturgurs, a
Bolgarian tribe and also allies of Byzantine, living between Itil and Don, then crushed Zals and Ants on both sides of Don. |
558 |
Invading Avars attack Hunno-Bulgars. Utiguri, Kutriguri, and Sabiri conquered (559-560). |
558 |
Avars defeat Sabirs in N Caucasus |
558 |
Avarian embassy to Byzantium. Avars defeat Sabirs and Ants. |
560 |
Avar Kaganate extended from Itil to mouth of Danube. Bolgars are split, with Kuturgur Huns (also listed are Onogundurs (10 Ogur
Confederation), Hunnogurs, Sabirs belonging to Avar Kaganate, and Utugur Huns (30 Ogur) and Khazars loyal to W. Kaganate |
| 560 |
Avar Kaganate extended from Itil to mouth of Danube.
Bolgars are split, with Kuturgur Huns (also listed are Onogundurs (10 Ogur Confederation), Hunnogurs, Sabirs belonging to Avar Kaganate, and
Utugur Huns (30 Ogur) and Khazars loyal to W. Kaganate |
561 |
Sosroi Nushirvan crushes Sibirs |
| 562 |
Defeat of Savir-Khazars by Khusrau Anushirvan |
565 |
Avars subjugate Hunnugur and Sabir, and other Hunnic hordes, assimilating them under Avar Kaganate. |
565 |
After defeat of their forces by Avars, Khazars took lead in Sabir-Khazar federation. Part of Sabirs move north, to Middle Itil
region, among settled there Bolgarian tribes. Their main city Suvar is a great center of Itil Bolgaria. |
| 565 |
After defeat of their forces by Avars, Khazars took lead in Sabir-Khazar federation. Part of Sabirs move north, to Middle Itil
region, settling among Bulgarian tribes. Later, their main city Suvar is a great center of Itil Bolgaria |
| 566 |
Between 566 and 571 Istemi Djabgu subjugated peoples Bandjar, Balandjar (Belendjer) and Khazar. Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur =
Utigur Bolgars. Khazar influence increased as Khazars became Turks closest allies and assistants |
| 567 |
End of Türkic Kaganate struggle with White Huns (Abdaly, Ephtalites, Kushans) |
| 567 |
567-571 Conquest by Türkic Kaganate of Khazars and Eastern Bulgars. Western (Kara) Bulgars remain in Avar Kaganate |
| 570 |
Khazars are ruled by Western Kaganate (570-659) |
| 571 |
Khazars and Bulgars are confederated with Türkic Kaganate |
| 576 |
Turks establish Khazar Khanate. |
| 576 |
Beginning of war in Caucasus between Byzantium and Kaganate |
| 581 |
581-593 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 582 |
582 - 602 Rule of ByzantineEmperor Maurice. First mention of Khazars in Byzantian annals, along with Bolgars and Barsils. Noted
their coming from Bersilia, supposedly in Caspian steppe |
| 582 |
Byzantian emperor Mauritius (582-602) |
| 589 |
W. Kaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars.
Both Khazars and Bolgars are confederated (jointed voluntarily, not as conquered) into W. Kaganate. |
| 589 |
W. Kaganate's Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 589 |
Invasion of Khazars, Greeks and Georgians to Agvania is repelled by Persians |
| 610 |
Byzantian emperor Heraclius (610-641) |
610 |
Future Gokturk’s Sibir-Khan (14), Mokhodu, of the most western ulus, is baptized in Constantinople. This starts his fight with
Buri-shad (34) (610-618) and Tardu Yabgu (Tun(g)-Yabgu) (23) (618-630). Kurbat is not baptized. |
| 626 |
Conclusion of alliance between Heraclius and W Türkic Kagan Tun-Yabgu-Kagan (618-630), intrusion of Türco-Khazarian armies into
S.Caucasia |
| 626 |
(Onogur?) Bolgars live in Fore-Caucasus on right bank of Kuban' to Don
Different fr Khazars
Rival to Khazars |
| 626 |
Avars controlled all Kuturgur Hun lands
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars did not participate in Khazars' war raids into Caucasus
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars guarded western border of Western Kaganate
Uturgur (Onogur?) Bolgars are allied with Tele (Dulu). |
| 626 |
W. Kaganate campaign against Persia in Caucasus, with Khazars but without Bolgars. |
| 626 |
Khazars and (Onogur?) Bolgars confederated (voluntarily, not conquered) into W. Kaganate.
Khazars supply military contingents and participate in division of captured wealth.
Bolgars man western border with Avars and don't benefit from captured wealth. |
| 626 |
Khazars ally with Byzantine under Emperor Heraclius (626-630) |
| 627 |
Siedge of Tbilisi by Türks and Byzantines |
| 628 |
Capture of Tbilisi and conquest of Albania by Khazars |
| 628 |
Khazars capture Tbilisi |
| 630 |
End of rule of Khazars by Western Kaganate |
| 630 |
630-634 Civil strife in Türkic Kaganate |
| 630 |
W Türkic Kagan Sibir-Khan (630-631) |
| 630 |
Bolgars/Barsils are incorporated into elite of W. Kaganate horde |
| 630 |
Great Bolgaria in N Pontic under Kurbat (630-660). W Türkic Kagan Bagadur Kiuliug Sibir-Khan (630-631) recognized independence of
Bulgaria under Kurbat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine line from Dulo clan. Khazars remain loyal to troubled W Türkic Kaganate |
630 |
Gokturk Kaganate’s Sibir-Khan (14) recognized independence of Bolgaria under Kurbat of Dulo dynasty, his nephew of feminine
line. |
630 |
Qarluqs rebel against Gokturk Kaganate, Tung Yabgu (23) dies, W. Kaganate split, SW and NE. SW run by Nushibis, under Irbis
Bolun Yabgu (31) (631-631), installed by Nishu Khan Shad (32), son of Baga Shad (24). NE run by Tele (Dulu), under Sibir Khan Yabgu (14)
(630-631). |
631 |
SW of W. Kaganate Irbis Bolun Yabgu (31) replaced by Nishu Khan Shad (32) as Dulu
Khan (631-634). NE of W. Kaganate Sibir Khan Yabgu (14) killed. W. Gokturk Kaganate reunited. |
635 |
Kurbat (Gr. Kubrat) escaped dominance of Gokturks and Khazars, by supporting Sibir-Khan in 630. He became independent, defeated
Avars. Controlled area near Pontic steppes |
| 635 |
Kurbat (Gr. Kubrat) sent embassy to Constantinople and received title of Patrician.
Kurbat's Bolgaria joins Byzantium as Federatae.
Byzantium becomes a bordering state with Khazaria of W. Kaganate, controlling former Khazar territories. |
| 636 |
Bolgaria hostile with Khazars of W. Kaganate on East, with Avars on West, with Byzantium on South. |
| 642 |
First Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman |
| 646 |
Son of Buri Shad, Ashina prince Khallyg (62) is mentioned as Eastern Djabgu in connection with leading Dulu revolt |
| 650 |
Son of Irbis Sheguy Khan, name unknown, becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (650?-….). |
| 650 |
Pletneva: 650 (provisional date) Formation of Khazarian Kaganate ? |
| 651 |
Son of Buri Shad, Khallyg (62) leading Bishbalyk Türkut horde captured control of W. Türkic Kaganate, and personally killed its
last Kagan Irbis Sheguy Khan from Ashina dynasty ( -651), and proclaimed himself Kagan Yshbara Khan |
| 651 |
With Ashina dynasty loss of rule in W.Türkic Kaganate, former confederate Khazaria with attached Bolgar Kutugurs, Alans, Slavs
(i.e. Antes) and Itil Bolgars gain independence.
Khazars keep Kagan from Ashina dynasty, likely younger son of Irbis Sheguy Khan (46),
whose brothers were.... |
| 651 |
Khazaria with center in Semender bordered in the east with W.Türkic Kaganate of Kagan Yshbara Khan with center in Bin-Bulak
(Thousand Springs) S of r. Talas |
 |
| 651 |
Defeat of Khazar-Alan army by Abd Al Rahman Arabs in Euthrates battle |
| 652 |
Conquest of and recognition by S.Caucasian countries of Arab Caliphate dominance |
| 652 |
End of first Khazar - Arab war (642-652) against Abd Al Rahman |
| 653 |
653-654 Arab first campaign against Hunno-Savir state, defeat of Arab army |
| 655 |
Pletneva: Capture by Khazars of part of Crimea from Kurbat Bulgaria ? |
| 655 |
Gumilev: Khazars cooperate with Iranian speaking Alans. |
| 656 |
Campain of Chinese Empire Tan against W Türkic Kaganate. Sogdiana (Chinese "Kang-chu") occupied by Chinese (657-700). Resistance
of Baiyrku, Sige, Bugu and Tonra tribes against Chinese occupation |
| 656 |
Murder of Osman. Civil war in Caliphate. Founded Khazarian state |
| 657 |
657-659 Demise of W Türkic Kaganate |
| 659 |
W Türkic Kagan Yshbara Khan died. W Türkic Kaganate ceased to exist forever |
| 659 |
Unnamed members of W Türkic Kaganate royal Ashina clan move to western ulus E of Itil |
| 660 |
Pletneva: 660 (provisional date) Migration of Khan Asparuh horde to Danube ? |
| 660 |
Post-Kurbat 8 year period (643-650) after which Khazars overrun Bulgar homelands. |
| 660 |
Kurbat's 1st son Bayan (Batbayan) remains in Grat Bolgaria confederated with Khazars |
| 660 |
Agvanian Djevanshir defeats Khazars |
| 662 |
Arabs fight Khazars for Derbent |
| 667 |
150K Kumans, Turkmens, Kuk-Oguses and Kyrgises confederated as Khazars cross Idel.
Shambat and Asparukh battle Khazars, loose and flee to Bashtu, present Kiev. |
| 668 |
Peace treaty between Khazars' Kagan Kaban and Kara Bulgar's Baltavar Bat-Boyan.
Kara Bulgar is subordnated to Khazar. |
| 670 |
Bat-Boyan Kurbat Bolgars are defeated by Khazars.
Khazars recover territory with east Bolgar (Utugur) and Alan populations. |
| 670 |
Khazars under Alp-Ilitver defeat Bulgars |
| 679 |
Kurbat's Bolgaria is split into independent (Byzantium Federatae) west Khanaate under Asparukh, controlling from Donets on East
to Danube on West, and Eastern Ak Bulgar Yorty, subject to Khazar Kagan from Itil to Donets, with capital Phanagoria. |
| 680 |
The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after devision of Kurbat Bulgaria between Avars and
Khazars, when it reached from the Volga to the Danube. The empire of the Avars peaked at the end of the 7th century (680 AD), after
devision of Kurbat Bulgaria between Avars and Khazars, when it reached from the Volga to the Danube. |
| 682 |
Mission of Albania bishop Israil to Hunno-Savirs |
| 682 |
Albanian missionary bishop Israel describes "Kingdom of Huns" (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri
cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) = Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. Albanian missionary bishop Israel
describes "Kingdom of Huns" (Belendjer) capital Varachan located north of Derbent, and Tangri cult of Northern Dagestan Barandjar (Balandjar) =
Onogur = Utigur Bolgars, subordinated to Khazars. |
| 683 |
Khazar raid to Armenia |
| 683 |
683-685 Khazars invaded S.Caucasia, inflicted much damage and took much booty. Khazar invaders killed rulers of Armenia and Georgia |
| 684 |
Invasion of Khazars to S.Caucasia |
| 684 |
Khazar raid to Cis-Causasus |
| 695 |
Dethronement of Justinian II Cut-nose (685-695 d. 711) and his refuge in Kherson |
| 700 |
Khazars are frequently allied with Huns of North Caucasus.
Alp, Elteber of Huns of North Caucasus, is a vassal of Khazars.
Huns capital city is Varachan (late 10 c). |
| 700 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
| 703 |
Busir (Ibousir-Glavan) becomes Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate (703?-….). |
| 703 |
Khazar royal princess ….. marries Byzantine emperor Justinian II to become Empress Theodora. |
| 705 |
Byzantian emperor Justinian II Cut-nose (705-711 restored) |
| 711 |
Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. Khazars help to install Phillipicus as an Byzantine Emperor. |
| 711 |
Execution of Justinian II Cut-nose, Khazars attack of S.Caucasia |
| 713 |
Capture of Derbent by Arab commander Maslama and intrusion of his armies into depth of Khazaria |
| 714 |
Khazars loose Derbent to Arabs |
| 717 |
Byzantian emperor Leo III from Isaurian mountains (717-741) with strong Türkic domestic and foreign orientation |
| 718 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Khazars invade Azerbaijan. |
| 721 |
Arab commander Jerrah campaign to Khazaria, capture of Belendjer |
| 722 |
Second Khazar - Arab war (722-737)
First campaign of Arabian troops led by J. Jirrah in Northern Caucasus against Alans and Khazars |
| 723 |
Khazars lose Balanjar to Arabs, move capital to Samandar |
| 723 |
723-724 Arab commander Jerrah campaigns against Alans |
| 723 |
723-944 Start of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 727 |
Khazars invade Azerbaijan. Muslam's raid against Khazars |
| 730 |
Khazar commander Barjik led Khazar troops through Darial Pass to invade Azerbaijan. At Battle of Ardabil, Khazars defeated entire Arab
army. Battle of Ardabil lasted for three days, and resulted in death of major Arab general Jarrah. Khazars then conquered Azerbaijan and Armenia
and northern Iraq for a brief time |
| 730 |
Khazar's Barjik leads 300K army to raid Azerbaijan (Albania?).
At Arbadil, Khazars defeat entire Arab army. |
| 730 |
Acceptance of Judaism by Khazarian Kagan Bulan of Ashina dynasty |
| 730 |
730-731 Khazarian campaigns against Albania, capture of its capital Ardebil, defeat of Jerrah Arab army |
| 732 |
Leo III Isaur's son prince Constantin Copronim's (Constantine V, 741-775) dynastic marriage to sister of Khazarian Kagan Chichak
(Empress Irina) from Ashina clan |
| 732 |
Khazar princess Chichek marries Byzantine emperror Constantine V to become Empress Irene. |
| 732 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Derbent and Belendjer ("Muddy Campaign") |
| 735 |
Arab commander Mervan campaign to Khazaria, catastrophic defeat of Khazarian army |
| 737 |
Arabs force conversion to Islam. …... becomes first Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam for political reasons
(703?-….). |
| 737 |
Acceptance by Khazarian Kagan Bardjil of Islam as a condition of staying in power |
| 737 |
Marwan, an Arab general, captured the Khazar Kagan and forced him to pledge support to the Caliphate and convert to Islam |
| 737 |
Khazars loose Samandar to Arabs, move capital to Itil. |
| 740 |
Byzantian emperor Constantine V (741-775), half Khazar and partially Türk on father's side |
| 743 |
End of GOKTÜRK KAGANATE
552 - 743 A.D
Founder - Bumin Khan (Tumen)
Area - From Black Sea across Asia along
northern borders of Mongolia and China almost to Pacific Ocean, and valleys of Altay Mountains (Ergenikon) (Total Area - 18,000,000 Km 2) |
| 743 |
Civilization created by Great Türkic Kaganate was carried on by, many peoples: Kypchaks, Kimaks, Uigurs, Bechens, Oguzes,
Karluks, Kyrgyzes, Türgeshes, Khazars, Bulgars and others who inherited it after destruction of Kaganate |
| 747 |
Khan Marduan of Dagestani Bulgars, Burjans, build a small wooden city, named city Marduan. Khazars called it Mardukan. Present
Bulgar (Great Bulgar) |
| 750 |
700-750 Khazars at their peak |
| 760 |
Khazar Kagan Boghatur (760?-…) |
| 762 |
Khazars, led by As Tarkhan, re-conquer S.Caucasia |
| 762 |
Khazarian invasion into Sis-Caucasia.
764 Khazars take Tbilisi |
| 772 |
War between Greeks and Bulgars. Khazaria unites with Alania |
| 775 |
Leo IV "Khazar" emperor of Byzantine Empire (775-780) |
| 780 |
Leo II, greatson of Khazar Kagan, ruler of Abkhazia. (780-….) |
| 786 |
Khazars help Abkhazia to free from Byzantine and Abkhazia becomes Khazarian dependency. |
| 786 |
Baghdad Caliph Harun-ar-Rashid (786-809) |
| 787 |
787-791 John the Goth revolt in Byzantian Crimea supported by Khazars |
| 799 |
799-809 Reforms of Khazarian Kagan Obadia, official acceptance of Judaism as a state religion with continued policy of religious
tolerance |
| 810 |
810-820 Revolt of Tengrian Kabars in Khazarian Kaganate. Kabar clans eventually migrate to Pannonia, join Hungarians, and assimilate |
| 817 |
Inhabitants of Samandar revolt against attempts by Khazar Kagan Karak introduce Judaism |
| 820 |
Khazars found Sambata (sam = high, bat = stronghold) and Kiev ( kui = low, ev = settlement), settled by Khazars and Magyars. |
| 822 |
822-836 Intrusion of Hungarians into Black Sea Coast where? against whom? |
| 829 |
Byzantian emperor Theophilus (829-842) |
| 830 |
Khazar Kagan Xan-Tuvan (Dyggvi) (830?-…) |
| 830 |
Construction of Sarkel fortress by Khazars with Byzantium's help |
| 833 |
Fortress Sarkel is built by Khazars and Byzantines. |
| 834 |
Byzantian mission to Khazaria purportedly for construction of fortress in Sarkel, but not doing it |
| 842 |
Muhamad ibn Musa Al Khwarizmi works in Khazarian Kagan's palace, sent there by Caliph Al-Wathiq. |
| 859 |
Shilki lost battle to Khazar Kagan Iskhak at Baltavar (Poltava) |
| 859 |
Kara Bulgar lost Bashtu (Kiev) and Urus (Novgorod) uluses to Khazars.
Khazars oganize them as ulus Rus.
Kagan Iskhak appoints Norman leader Dir (Bulg Djir) of Slavic militia in Bashtu a ruler of Rus and Norman Ascold (Bulg As-Khalib) a Viceregent
of Rus |
| 860 |
860-862 Kushtan (Constantine)-Baksan (baptized Cyril on his deathbed), brother of Bandja (baptized Methodius), travel to Khazaria |
| 861 |
Religious debate in Khazar court (Khazarian Polemic) between Cyril and Methodius, Rabbi Yitzhak Ha Sangari, and Muslem cleric
Farabi Ibn Kora. |
| 861 |
Khazar Bulan Bek, nobility and some common people convert to Judaism. |
| 861 |
Khazar kings converted to Judaism. A Jewish dynasty of kings presided over the Khazar kingdom until the 960s |
| 862 |
Chronist Nestor gives 862 as year of creation of Rus.
Ruses are rulers of Slavs. Ruses live in military settlements and "feed" by spoils, a part of which was rendered to Jewish Khazars.
Slavs are engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| 875 |
Khazars built a glass factory in Hrodna (present Belarus) |
882 |
Khan Alabuga of a Baryn line of Sabans starts a city, named later Bilyar. |
| 883 |
883-885 Conquest of Acathyrs (Slav. Drevlyan, i.e Foresters), and switch of some Seber clans (Slav. Severyan) and Radimiches to
Salahbi Yolyg (yolyg means "divinator, prophet") (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer, 882-916) of incipient Kyiv Rus |
| 889 |
After 889. Besenyos break through Khazarian border guards and replace Magyars from Levedia |
| 889 |
Intrusion of Badjanks (Besenyos), displaced by Oguses from Yaik steppes, into N.Pontic steppes |
| 890 |
Allied with Khazars Oguzes harassed Bechens, who at the end of 9-10 cc hurriedly proceeded to the west. Bechens' migration was
accompanied by plundering and fires. Bechens stopped in Dnepro-Don interfluvial. Second branch of Bechens stopped in foothills of N.Caucasus |
| 890 |
Arbat (Arpad) Madjar of Dulo clan (ca 895-907), senior son of Bulgarian Kaan Almysh (895-925, baptized Djafar in 922) displaced
chieftain Kurszán of Magyars (Madjars) as Prince of Magyars, future Hungarians, and established Arpad dynasty. Kurszán is moved to sacral
figurehead position of the horde's tribal confederation. Hungarians escape Khazarian domination after 3-years stay in Lebedia in Khazarian
territory, and moving to Atelkuzy (future Bessarabia). Arbat (Arpad) Madjar must have been Bulgarian governor of N.Pontic ulus where Magyars led
by chieftain Lebed stayed for 3-years. |
| 894 |
Magyar Prince Levente leads Khazar Kabars against Bolgaria |
| 894 |
Hungarian campaign to Danube |
| 895 |
Defeat of Hungarians by Badjanks (Besenyos), retreat of Hungarians to Atelkuzu (future Bessarabia) |
| 895 |
Alans and Bulgars freed from Khazar power |
895 |
Itil Bolgaria census lists 550K, 200K are Saban-speaking Bulgars, 180K-Ars (Udmurts, Finno-Ugors), 170K-Modjars |
| 895 |
Some Khazar Kabars settle in Transilvania/Hungary with Magyars. |
| 896 |
Founding date of Hungary. Seven tribes of Magyars settled in Carpathian Basin. Kingdom of Hungary was formed by seven Magyar and three
Khazar tribes |
| 902 |
Varangian Rus mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. Varangian
Rus mentioned serving in Byzantine naval expedition to Crete. Rus also serve Khazars and mercenaries. |
| 904 |
Oleg, Prince of Kiev (882-916 ), remains a vassal of Avar Kaganate, divided between Bulgarian principalities.(In 859 to
Khazars??) |
| 909 |
With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort Abezgun on Caspian With Varyag allies Rus drujina captures Khazar fort
Abezgun on Caspian |
| 909 |
Capture by Ruses of Abesgun island in Caspian Sea |
| 912 |
Reign of Ummayad Caliph Abdarrahman III (912-961) |
| 913 |
Joined attack of Badjanks (Besenyos), Oguzes and Ases (Alans ) on Khazars |
| 913 |
Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population headed by Salahbi Yolyg (Slav. Oleg, aka Veschiy Oleg, i.e Oleg the Seer,
882-916) |
| 913 |
Khazars demolish Russian marauding expedition fleet |
| 915 |
First encounter of Badjanks (Besenyos) with Rus and their peace with prince Ugyr Lachini (916-945, Slav. Igor the Old, son of Lachyn
Dulo, aka Rürik, 855-882) |
| 920 |
Khazars fight with Burtas (Steppe Alans or As), Oghuz, Byzantines, Kengeres and Kara Bolgars. |
| 920 |
Itil Bolgar Baltavar (Elteber) Almush (Almas) allies with Califate as counterbalance to Khazars.
Beginnng of minting Itil Bolgar money - dirkhem |
| 922 |
Travel of Ibn-Fadlan to Itil Bulgaria |
922 |
City Nur-Suvar founded (922-1246). Present name Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar). |
930 |
Itil Bulgaria has 30 cities. Khasan built: Matak, Nukrat, Bandja (Samara ) (Center of Mardan-Bellak ulus), Bulyar (citadel in
Bilyar), Kamysh, Simbir, Gazan-Deber, Kashan, Tukhcha, Tau-Kerman (Sviyajsk), Tash-Bolgar, Subash-Simbir, Karadjar, Djilan |
| 930 |
Khazars ally with Alans who adopt Judaism, and arrange a dynastic marriage |
| 932 |
Khazar-Alan war ends with victory of Khazars. Alans remain in Khazarian sphere as autonomous state and multiple Alanian colonies
along Don-Severskiy Donets area |
| 932 |
Khazars ally with Oghuzes. |
| 939 |
Khazar Baliqchi Pesakh defeats Ruses |
| 939 |
Khazar baliqchi Pesakh defeated the Rus. According to an anonymous letter written by a Khazarian Jew in the 940s, the Rus prince Oleg
captured the Khazar-held city Tmutorokan one night. Pesakh, a prominent Khazar baliqchi (governor), learned of Oleg’s actions and conquered
several Crimean cities belonging to the Byzantines and also did away with many Rus. Oleg was badly defeated, and was forced to surrender to
Governor-General Pesakh. This was a major Khazar victory over the Rus |
| 944 |
723-944 End of massive Jewish emigration to Khazaria |
| 943 |
943-944 Raid of Rus state pirates on Caspian Sea coastal population including a winter in captured city Berda |
| 950 |
Magyars living in Lebedia are vassals of Khazars. |
| 950 |
By the middle of 10th c. Bechens occupied large territory from Itil to Danube. Bechens played significant role in life of
neighboring peoples. Bechens helped in demise of Khazar Kaganate. Byzantium maneuvered to collide Bechens with Rus. Bechens attacked Rus in 915,
920 and 968 |
| 954 |
954-961 Correspondence of Hasdai Ibn-Shafrut with Khazarian Kagan Joseph |
| 960 |
…... becomes second Kagan of Khazar's Kaganate to convert to Islam (960?-….). |
| 964 |
Kengeres seriously threaten Khazaria |
| 964 |
Byzantine Chersonesus governor (strategos) asks Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) for aid against Khazars. Svyatoslav campaign
to Don. Enroute he attacks Volga Bolgars, raids Belya Vesh, Itil and Sarkel and Tmutorakhan, also captures Chersonesus (Itil=Atil, Sarkel=Belya
Vesh) |
| 964 |
Itil Bulgar Khan Mohamed's Vizier Talib signs a treaty with Rus Knyaz Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) promising to
relinquish Djir, Kan and western part of Kortjak ulus ( Russ. Moscow, Vladimir and Ivanov provinces) in exchange for attack on Khazars and anual
tribute |
| 965 |
Part of Khazaria was conquered by the Kievan Rus prince Svyatoslav |
| 965 |
Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies with
Oghuz (Torks). Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in
Taman-Kuban area. Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) possibly signed agreement with Besenyos before crossing their territory. He allies
with Oghuz (Torks). Purpose to gain tribute from Viatchi on Oka by removing their Khazar overlords. He also conquers Yasians and Kasogians in
Taman-Kuban area. |
| 965 |
Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. Itil Bolgars gain independence after defeat of Khazars. |
| 965 |
Campaign of Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I, son of Ugyr-Igor) on Khazars, capture of Itil and Sarkel. In Russian
historiography this event is termed a dissolution of Khazar Kaganate and disappearance of its peoples |
| 966 |
Switch of Nukrat (Slav. Vyatka, from Bulgarian Batysh = western, i.e Western Kipchaks) province's Khazarian tribute obligations from
Khazaria to Kyiv Rus scored by Kyiv Prince Barys (945-972, Slav. Svyatoslav I) |
| 967 |
Knyaz Svyatoslav of Kiev seizes Khazar capital Itil |
| 969 |
Khazaria, broken by Svyatoslav (called Barys by Bulgars), is divided between Itil Bulgaria and N. Caucasus Saklans. |
| 969 |
Northern inflow of silver dirhams from Bulgaria and Khazaria stops |
| 972 |
8 Besenyo tribes (Russ. Pecheneg), under Khan Kura, of Kipchak stock with Oguz element, freed of Khazar dominance, defeat Rus
prince Svyatoslav (Barys Lachini, 945-972) and make a drinking cup of his scull. Besenyo's continuous figts with Khazars, Byzantines and
Russians. |
| 977 |
977-985 Khazars turn to Horesm for help, Horesm help comes conditioned by conversion of Khazars to Islam and with occupation of
Khazaria's Itil and some other cities by Horesmians |
| 981 |
981-982 Conquest campaign of prince Kyiv Prince Vladimir son of Barys (Svyatoslavich) against western (Slav. Vyatka, from Türk. Batysh
= western) Kipchak tribe |
| 985 |
Kyiv Prince Vladimir's raid against Itil Bulgaria and Khazaria |
| 986 |
Khazars present Judaism to Knyaz Vladimir of Kiev, Itil Bolgars present Islam. |
| 1000 |
Khazars in Kievan Rus are Slavicized and adopt East Slavic language (1000-1300) |
| 1016 |
Last Khazar Kagan Georgius Tzul is cuptured by combined army of Byzantine Basil II and Sfengus, brother of Kiev's Grand Prince
Vladimir.
Khazaria loses last independence and territories of Crimea and Taman. |
| 1035 |
Established fort Khazar (Voronej) |
| 1050 |
Before 800, Alans or Asses lived, together with Besenyos, around lower reaches of the Amu-darya (Uzboy) flowing into Caspian
Sea, and later, after river changed its course, they migrated to coast of Sea of the Khazars |
| 1079 |
Khazars take prisoner Rus prince Oleg (Slav. Oleg Svyatoslavich) who was prince of captured city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) ship
him to Byzantium |
| 1083 |
Rus prince Oleg returned to city Tamiyatarkhan (Slav. Tmutarakan) and retaliated to Khazars |
| 1096 |
Per Rabbi Nissim, seventeen Khazarian communities join nomads (Kengeres, Bolgars, Oguses) |
| 1206 |
Khazar Jews are reported to use a form of Cyrillic script. |
| 1222 |
Kotyan Khan's Cumans, Bulgars, Khazars and Alans in first fight with Mongol-Tatars, accept promise not to harm them as speakers
of the same Kipchak dialect to withdraw, but are attacked and defeated. Capital of Alania Magas (Meget) is seized |
| 1242 |
End of Dagestani Khazar kingdom. |
1246 |
City Nur-Suvar destroyed (922-1246). Present name Tatarskiy (Sham-Suar). |
| 1300 |
Descendants of Jewish Khazars in Eastern Europe adopt Yiddish language (1300-1500). |
| 1309 |
Hungarian Christian clergy edicts that Catholics cannot marry "Khazars". |
| 1349 |
Hungarian Jews, partly of Khazar origin, resettle in Poland and Austria. |
