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Seyanto Dateline
2,000 TÜRKIC BORROWINGS IN RUSSIAN
U - Ya

KazSSR Academy of Sciences
Linguistics Institute
E. N. Shipova
Dictionary of Türkisms in Russian Language
Alma-Ata, "Science" KazSSR, 1976, ISBN -none
Editor-in-chief Akad. A.N.Kononov

Cover Page A - D E - M N - T U - Ya

Links

Posting Foreword

Posting notes see Cover Page. To preserve the pagination of the Russian original, the words are listed in the original Russian alphabetical order. All etymological notes are excluded, for a complete scope see Russian version, for a precise original spelling see PDF image. Dialectal variations without a separate etymological discourse in the original are excluded. Only a root meaning is included; the cluster of derivatives, which in many cases includes verbs and adjectives, are listed in the original in the etymological notes, and are excluded. The total posted word count is 1,412, with the derivatives the count would triple or quadruple to a conservative 5,000 - 6,000 main entries. Practically every Russian noun can have a verb form, they are not necessarily listed in the original Dictionary, but are implied by default, so the 49 listed verbs are those specially noted semantically; another 1,000 are implied. A similar situation is with adjectives, participles, and gerunds. E.N. Shipova listed them only in exceptional cases, where they carry an independent meaning, and then only when they were listed in her sources. Gender indicator corresponds to the initial Russian word only.

Posting statistics:

          total   noun   verb adjective adverb exclamation
        n, nf, nm, nneu, npl   v adj adv excl
    1,412   1,316   49 34 9 3
Word count:

A

     B     V G D E J Z I K L M N O P R S T U F Kh Ts Ch Sh Sch Y Yu Ya
82 255 14 21 51 21 6 10 22 275 24 59 27 12 24 4 152 136 33 8 30 3 98 54 5 3 9 36
6% 18% 1% 1% 4% 1% 0.4% 0.7% 2% 19% 2% 4% 2% 1% 2% 0.3% 11% 10% 2% 0.6% 2% 0.2% 7% 4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.6% 3%

Semantics: The first observation is that the dictionary confirms the old adage: Scratch a Russian, and underneath is a Tatar (i.e. a Türk). The scope of "Türkisms" in Russian is a language in itself; with a 1,412-word root vocabulary you can write a book, a poem, or an article on any subject in the Middle Age life. Moreover, without the Türkic words, no book, poem, or an article can be written in Russian on any subject.

The second semantical observation completely refutes a city myth promulgated in the past 2-3 centuries, that the Türkic words were imposed during the "Mongolo-Tatar Yoke" period in the 13th - 15th centuries. Under that scenario, a pristine Slavic language became contaminated by Türkisms, producing the Old Russian language. The Dictionary demonstrates the opposite: in the pre-Mongolian times the Russian children grew in Türkic households whose Türkic vocabulary covered from baby lullabies and cradles to agriculture, cattlebreeding, natural resources, and war. The number of words that come with the mother's milk is nothing less than manifesting. The number of words that come with father's and grandfather's training is nothing less than manifesting. Just one outer garment, caftan, has 16 types. Another garment, raincoat, has 5 types. This detailed variety can't be imposed, it must be absorbed in the family, within the fabric of society. This linguistic observation of a symbiotic population is corroborated by the revealing map of B- blood group, which has a demarcation line distinctly separating Eastern Europe from the Central and Western Europe.

The third semantical observation flies in the face of the promulgated notion that in respect to agriculture and household ware, the Türkic nomads had nothing to give the sedentary Slavs. The number of Türkic terms attests to just the opposite. Without Türkic terminology, there is no Russian subsistent agriculture. This fact demonstrates that the steppe nomads had the level of agricultural production far exceeding that of their Slavic counterparts at the dawn of times. At the same time, they endowed the Russian language with rich cattle breeding vocabulary. Just one appurtenance, bag, has 18 types, with 4 types just for the water bag. Nothing can be further from the truth than the image, canonized in Russian-lingual historiography, of a wild raider feeding on defenseless settlers. The war-related vocabulary is impressive, but it is a small fraction of the words depicting a civil life.

Finally, the scope of nature lexicon reflects a picture of rowing newcomers coming in small numbers to an old neighborhood. The lexicon includes 70+ Türkic terms for flora and dozens for fauna, depicting the environment that the Slavic guests had to get acquainted and adopt. The idea that a handful of Mongolo-Tatar rulers, who newer settled within the Rus lands, and whose only task was organization and collection of taxes, could impose such a fine nature vocabulary on their vassals is preposterous. This education and retention could only result from within a family, passed from generation to generation who live very close to the native land.

The Türkic words, like the people who remember them, belong to numerous various tribes and dialects that settled the Eastern Europe, some of them may be traced to the Sredny Stog culture and its siblings. These words are as monumental as the most significant archeological monuments, they froze in time the life of the days long past. The oldest dated layer belongs to the Bulgar Onogurs, known to us from their Greek neighbors, who passed to us their name and the name of the 5th c. BC port city Phanagoria in the Onogur Scythian lands. We should be forever grateful to Elizabeth Shipova for the opportunity to visit that past.

N - T
Cyrillic Grammar English Translation

увы! - ava!
углан
удар
удой
удила yügü:n удила

уздень
узек
узень
узкий
узмень

узы >üzeŋü: (
or üzeŋgü:?) (stirrup) ‘stirrup’

ужас < ö- "ужас" + -гас Сл. суффикс
уй
уй
уец, уйчич, вуец
уец
уйка, вуйка
уйма
украдкой kirip
укрюк
уйка, вуйка
улан
уландать
улар
улица - ulïnč (Arm. uɫi)
улубагрь
улук
ум um-  разум верить желать пожелать   
уместно üme совместная работа
унина
ура
ураза
урак
урал
уран
урема
урень
урман, урмань
урод uruɣ род
уродить, уродиться uruɣ род

урожай, uruɣ род
урчать 2 ür- (of a dog) ‘to bark, howl’
урюк
усма, усьма
устроить ïšla- совершать, устраивать
усь
утельный
утомиться - tomlï-  -
увеличивать, умножать
уф! (ух!)
учан
учкур
учуг
ушкуй, ушкол
ушкуйник
уют - uyu-
уязвимый uyaz, ya:s ‘damage, harm, destruction, loss’

факир
факир
фарфор
фелюга, фелука
ферзь
фес
фирман
фыркать - bïrqir

хабирщик
хабарга
хаган
хаз
хайдук
хак
халапса
халат
халва
халиф, калиф
хамса
хана kana:ğ bloodletting
ханджар
ханша
хапка
хапать
харал
харалуг
харлук
харцыз
хата
хауз
хашиш, гашиш
хирка
хна
хоржун
холка oluk
холоп qul, qulup

хорошо ora:šan
хота
хотон
хохотать
хрип, м., хрипеть гл., (hırıltı)
хруст - qurt
хрустеть - qurt

худук
хула - čulvu xula (Cuv.) disparagement
хуна “” küŋ ‘female slave’
хурды-мурды
хурма
хухлякать
хыдкан

цап, цапка
цедить - süz-, sïz, sïzït
ценина I
ценина II
циган, циганить čïɣaj, čïɣan

чабан
чавдар, чалдар
чавкать - čap
чага
чагир I, чагирекий чай
чагравый, чегравый
чагуры
чад čad дым
чадра
чайка I
чайка II
чайхана
чакать
чакчуры, чамчуры, чапчуры
чалок
чалтык
чалчак
чамур
чамчуры
чан
чанак, чинак
чанкирая (лошадь)
чанча
чапан
чайка
чапра
ча(е)прак
чапчуны
чарки, чары
чарок
чарым
чауш I
чахчуры
чашка češkäl
чебага
чебак I, чабак I
чебак II, чабак II
чебер, чеберь
чебурек
чедыги
чека
чекал
чекан I
чекмень
чекуша
челек
челиг
человек čalaŋuq/čalïŋuq человек
челоуз
чемара, чемра
чембары
чеменник
чемер
черга
черед - čerga
чердак
черкан
чернотал
чета çete
четник çetenïɣ четник
чечуга
чибак
чиберка
чибрик
чибык
чиверзить
чивиль
чигит
чизгины
чий
чикичей
чикчиры, чихчиры
чилим, чилимчик
чиляк, чилячёк
чин - čaŋ
чин-чином - čïn

чинак
чинар
чирать
чирей, чирий
чирикать - čiriɣ
чирики
чирла
чирок
чихта
чичер,  чичера
чишать, чишкать
чобот
чомга
чокаться - Çok yaşa!
чорба (суп) čobra
чоха, чуха
чохом
чу! çu:/çü: (imperative: do)
чубарый
чувал I
чувал II
чуга
чуйка
чуклeть
чулан
чулок  - ujuk
чум, чумич,  чумичка
чумазый
чумары
чумбурный čumbur-
чунки
чурт
чурым
чуть -ča, -čä equitive-ultimateness + -ть indefinite
чуха
чучело, чучелка
чыга

шабала
шаг çı:ğ
шагайка
шадра
шайтан
шакал
шакала, шаколина
шакша I
шакша II
шала
шалагай
шалап
шалбёр, шалбёрник
шалаш
шалман
шалтай-болтай, нескл.
шальвары
шанрак
шаньга, шанга, шанежка, шанечка
шарабо(а)ра
шариат
шарить qarva-   , искать на ощупь
шаркать- šart
шаркома
шаровары
шарпан
шатер - čačïr
шауш
шах I
шах I
шах II
шахма
шеврига
шейх, шейк
шейх-уль-ислам
шелега, шелеха
шемая
шептала
шерешир
шериф
шерть
шинковать sïn-
ширтан
шишара
шокур
шокуры, чокуры
шор
штаны compound of iç ‘inner’ and to:n ‘garment'
штиль ištil- listened  ‘штиль’
шубат
шубаш
шувар
шугай
шура
шурга, шурган
шурдабурда
шурубарки
шурум-бурум
шуры-муры
шуя

щебра
щедра
щекотать suqïdï
щенок enük young of carnivorous animal, cub, puppy
щерба
щетина - jïn-
щи
щокур
щурить

эфенди, нескл.

ювачи
югурт, ягурт, йогурт
юк
юмшан
юрага
юрта
ют üt (yut)
юфть I
юфть II
юша
юшка - yuš- (wash away)

ябага, джабага
явиться yavut- приблизиться, прийти
явка yavut- приблизиться, прийти
явление yavut- приблизиться, прийти

яга, ега
яглый
ягурт, югурт, яурт
яз, ез, язник, язы
язва
яйла
якшаться, якшиться
якши ладно, хорошо
ял
яла
ялань, елань
яловёц
ялыман
яман
ямщик
яндова
янычар
Януш двуликий - jaŋuš один, единственный
япанча, японча
яр
яр
яр - yar
ярмяк
яркий - jaru-
ярок,  яруга
ярыга, ярыжка
ярыга, ярыжка
ярыга, ярыжка
ярыга, ярыжка
ярый
ярык,  ярыцы
ярыма
ясак I
ясак II
ясать
ясмин
ясный - jašna
ястык
ясыр, ясырь, есырь,  ясырка
ятаган
яшел
яшка

interj.
nmm
nm
nm
npl

nm
nm
nm
adj
nm
npl

nm
interj.
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
adj
nm
nm
nm
v
nf
nf
nm
nm
v
adv

nf
excl
nf
nf
nm
nm
nf
nm
nm
nm
v

nm
v
nm
nf
v

nf
v
v
excl
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
adj.

nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
nm
nm
v

nf
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
nf
nf
nm
nf
nf
v
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
nm
nf
nf
nm
nf
nm

adv.
nf
nm
v
nm

nm
v

nm
nf
nf

nnd
nf
v
nm

nf
v
nf
nf
nm

nm
nm
v
nf
nm
adj
nf
nm
nf
nf
nf
nf
v
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
npl
nm
nm
adj
nf
nm
nf
nf
nm
npl
npl
nm
nm
nm
npl
nf
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
npl
nf
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
npl
nm
nm
nf
nn
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm

nf
nm
nf
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
npl
nf
nf
npl
nm
nm
nm
adj.
nm
nm
v
nm
v
npl
nf
nm
nf
nf
v
nm
nf
interj.
nf
nf
adv
interj
adj
nm
nm
nf
nf
v
nm
nm
nf
adj
npl
adj
nf
nm
nm
adv.
nm
nf
nf

nf
nm
nf
nf
nf
nm
nf
nf
nf
nf
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
npl
nm
nf
nf
nm
v
v
nf
npl
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
nf
nm
nm
nf
nf
nf
nm
nm
nf
v
nm
nf
nm
npl
nf
npl
nm
nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
nm
nf
nf
nm
nnd
nf

nf
nf
v
nm

nf
nf
npl
nm
v

nm

nm
nm
nm
nm
nf
nf
nm
nf
nf
nf
nf

nf
v
nf
nn

nf
adj
nm
npl
nf
nf
adv
adv
nf
nf
nf
nm
nm
adv
nm
nf
nf
nm
nf
nm
nm
nm
nm
adj.
nf
nf
nf
nf
nf
adj.
nm
nneu
nm
nf
v
nm
adj.
nm
nf
nm
nm
nf

uvy
uglan
udar
udoy

yügü:n udila (pl.)

uzden
uzek
uzen
uzkiy
uzmen

uzy

ujas
uy
uy
uets, yichich, vuets
uets
uika, vuika
uima
ukradkoi
ukruk
uika, vuika
ulan
ulandat
ular
ulitsa
ulubagr
uluk
um
umestno

unina
ura
uraza
urak
ural
uran
urema
uren
urman, urman
urod
urodit, uroditsya

urojai
ür- urchat
uryuk
usma, usma
ustroit
us
utelnyi
tomit
uvelichvat, umnojat

uf! (or uh!)
uchan
uchkur
uchug
yshkui
yshkuinik
uüt
uyaz uyazvimyi

fakir
fakir
farfor
felyuga, feluka
ferz
fes
firman
fyrkat

habirshchik
habarga
hagan
haz
hajduk
hak
halapsa
Dressing gown
Halvah
khaliph, kaliph
hamsa
hana
handjar
hansha
hapka
hapat
haral
haralug
harluk
hartsyz
hata
hauz
hashish, gashish
hirka
hna
horjun
holka
holop

horosho
hota
hoton
hohotat
khripet

khrust
khrustet

huduk
khula
küŋ ‘female slave’ huna

hurdy-murdy
hurma
huhlyakat
hydkan

tsap, tsapka
tsedit
tsenina I
tsenina II
tsigan

shepherd
chavdar, chaldar
chavkat
chaga
chagir I, chagireky tea
chagravyi, chegravyi
chagury
chad
Veil
Seagull I
chaika
chaihana
chakat
chakchury, chamchury, chapchury
chalok
chaltyk
chalchak
chamur
chamchury
chan
chanak, chinak
chankiraya (horse)
chancha
chapan
chaika
chapra
cha (е) prak
chapchuny
charki, chary
charok
charym
chaush I
chahchury
chashka
chebaga
chebak I, chabak I
chebak II, chabak II
cheber, cheber
Cheburek
chedygi
cheka
chekal
chekan I
chekmen
chekusha
chelek
chelig
chelovek
chelouz
chemara, chemra
chembary
chemennik
chemer
cherga
chered
chrdak
cherkan
chernotal
cheta
chetnik

chechuga
chibak
chiberka
chibrik
chibyk
chiverzit
chivil
chigit
chizginy
chy
chikichei
chikchiry, chihchiry
chilim, chilimchik
chilyak, chilyachyok
chin
chin-chinom
chinak
Plane trees
chirat
chirei, chiry
chirikat
chiriki
chirla
Teal
chihta
chicher
chishat, chishkat
chobot
chomga
chokatsya
chorba
choha, chuha
chohom
chu
chubaryi
chuval I
chuval II
chuga
chujka
chuklet
chulan
stocking
chum, chumich
chumazyi
chumary
chumburnyi
chunki
churt
churym
chut
chuha
chuchelo
chyga

shabala
shag
shagajka
shadra
The shaitan
shakal
shakala
shaksha I
shaksha II
shala
shalagaj
shalap
shalbyor, shalbyornik
shalash
shalman
Shaltai-boltai
shalvary
shanrak
shanga, shanga, shanejka, shanechka
sharabo (а) ra
Sheriyat
sharit
sharkat
sharkoma
sharovary
sharpan
shater
shaush
shakh
shakh
shakh
shahma
shevriga
sheikh, sheik
sheikh - ul-islam
shelega, sheleha
shemaya
Whispered
shereshir
sherif
shert
shinkovat
shirtan
shishara
shokur
shokury, chokury
shor
shtany
shtil
shubat
shubash
shuvar
shugaj
shura
shurga, shurgan
shurdaburda
shurubarki
shurum-burum
shury-mury
shuya

shchebra
schedra
schekotat
enük schenok
scherba
shchetina
schi
shchokur
shchurit

efendi

yuvachi
yugurt, yagurt, yoghurt
yuk
yumshan
yuraga
yurta
üt
yuft I
yuft II
yusha
yushka

yabaga, dyabaga
yavitsya
yavka
yavlenie

yaga, ega
yaglyi
yagurt, yugurt, yaurt
yaz, ez, yaznik, yazy
uyaz, ya:s yazva
yajla
yakshatsya, yakshitsya
ладно, хорошо
yal
yala
yalan, elan
yalovyots
yalyman
yaman
yamschik
yandova
yanychar
yanush
yapancha
yar
yar
yar
yarmyak
yarkiy
yarok, yaruga
yaryga, yaryjka
yaryga, yaryjka
yaryga, yaryjka
yaryga, yaryjka
yaryiy
yaryk, yarytsy
yaryma
yasak I
yasak II
yasat
yasmin
yasnyi
yastyk
yasyr, yasyr, esyr, m., yasyrka
yatagan
yashel
yashka

expression of sorrow
lad
strike
milk yield
bridle

noble (rank)
rivulet, rivulet valley
river channel
narrow
narrow bay

stirrup

awe
expression of pain
maternal uncle
tribe, uncle's son
nephew from sister
uncle's wife
plenty
creep
lasso
maternal aunt
cavalryman with lance
scream
pheasant type
street
holiday type
bent shaft of harrow
wits, smarts
suitably

element of wagon lattice
battlecry Hurrah
fast (Muslim)
short scyth
rocky mountains
battlecry
thicket
yogurt type
forest
ugly, hideous
birthing, parturiency

crop, harvest
murmur
dried apricots
vegetable die
arrange, stage
incite
tiny
weary
increase, multiply

tired!
river boat
bag hem
paling fish trap
boat
river bandit
homeliness
vulnerable

puritan (Muslim)
magician from India
porcelain
small boat
Queen (chess)
hat (type)
order
sputter

news carrier
muskus gazelle
kagan
fabric type
robber
solt mud (med)
story teller
dress type
halva
Caliph
fish type
fatal, end
dagger
Khan's wife
city gate type
capture, seize
bag, box
colored steel
caftan type
bum
house
water pool
hashish
girl
Henna plant
saddlebag
withers
slave, bondsman

well, good
match-making
village
ha-ha, hah, laugh
wheeze

crunch
crunch

well
defamation, disparagement
promiscious girl

old stuff
persimmon
mourning crying
stingy

mattock type
sieve
precious dishware
fabric type
poor

shepherd
barley
champ
captive
tea plant
umber
ravine
fume, smother
cover (fem., Muslim)
bird type
boat
tea house
knock
footware type (fem)
Arctic fox puppy
rice type
horse desease
dirt, clay
female footwear
tub
wooden dish
white (horse hue)
silk type
caftan type
mattock
grape mash
horse balanket
footware type (fem)
footwear
steel polishing machine
ice crust
attendant
female footwear
bowl cup
wool
fish type
fur hat
dandy
piroshki
footware type (fem)
pin
mouse type
axe type
caftan type
beater
bucket
falcon type
man, human
ram type
shower
wide trousers type
plant type
sickness type
sequence
turn of (next in line)
attic
trap type
willow type
joined, united (family couple)
bandit or trooper

fish type
fur hat
dress type
pancakes
rod
fidget
sparrow
cottage cheese
reigns
feather grass
wild horse Equus hemionus
trousers type
tobacco cud
linden vessel
rank
right, truthful
bowl
sycamore
rot
boil
chirping
footware type
omlet
duck type
light snow
rain and snow
pee
footware type
duck type
toast!
soup
caftan type
altogether
listen!, be alert!
dappled
bag type
hearth type
caftan type
caftan type
sacrifice
closet
knitted stockings
ladle
dirty
pasta dish
unhinged
sled
horse milk drink
barely
snowbank
caftan type
scarecrow
caftan type

strainer laddle
step, stride
dice game
smallpox
satan
jackal
buckweat chaff
bushy fungus
dog's poop mix
rice type
bum
horse milk drink
bum
branch tent
canteen
humpty-dumpty
wide trousers type
window type
pie type
old stuff
law (Muslim)
шарить
shuffle
dress type
wide trousers type
cloth type
marquee, tent
first ice
shakh title
king in chess
fishing tackle
tracks
sevruga fish
sheikh
sheikh
seal fat
carp type
dry apricots
artillery gun
Moslem title
oath
chop, shred (chunk)
meat dish
cookie
animal type
soup pasta
solt deposit
trousers
calm
camel milk drink
official (rank)
plant type
dress type
clay type
snowstorm
disorder, bad drink
dumplings
old stuff
secret negotiations
small ice

fish soup
fish soup
tickle
young of carnivorous animal, cub, puppy
fish soup
stubble
soup type
fish type
squint

mister

lavash
yogurt
pack
armor
butter type
portable house
disaster, perishment
leather type
pair
wet to the bone
broth

wool type
come
appearance (coming)
phenomenon

fur coat type
rich soil
yogurt
wattle
ulcer
mountain pasture
keep company
OK, well
top of horse neck
fine for cattle theft
open space
mane lock
crook
bad
post service driver
flat dish with nose
infantry
Janus the two-faced god
coat, raincoat
cliff
worshipful
ravine
dress type
shining
ravine
lower rank in police
drunkard
crook
mischievous man
ardent
body armor
one half
tax
codeword
construct
jasmine
bright
whole
captured, slave
one-sided dagger
tree type
soup

       
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