Z. Z. Miftakhov
Lecture course for history of Tatar people
Lecture 16 (continued)
Military and politico - social history of Volga Bulgaria of
the 12 c.
Attachments and Tables
1. Cities, fortresses and stations ·
2. Index of rivers, lakes, seas, oceans =>
<= Military and politico- social history of Volga
Bulgaria of the 11 c. · Ancient Tatar
people and places of their initial settlement =>
a - as a in arch, j - as j in jealousy, kh - as h in hug, ü - as u in munitions, y - as Y in York or as i in if
1. Index of cities, fortresses and stations
| Founded | ||
|---|---|---|
| Aga Bazar | - (Old Bazar) the name of the port of Bolgar city | |
| Alamir-Sultan | - Citadel built by order of Itil Bulgaria Khan Ibrahim in 985. It was built in the legendary place of the tomb of the Alexander the Great commander Alamir-Sultan. Citadel was at a bend of Kama river | |
| Alabuga | - originally the tower of the citadel Alamir-Sultan. Subsequently became the name of the citadel. Now it is the Tatar name of the present city Elabuga. | |
| Albat | - the name of a menzel, i.e. the roadside station, built by the order of the Hun ruler Alyp-biy in 80-90es of the 4th century between the mouthes of Itil and Yaik. | |
| Arkoch | - Bulgar's forepost in the beginning of the 1171 on the right bank of Itil approximately 160 km up the river from Kazan. In the 16th c. it was known as Chalym fortress. The fortress was destroyed by Russian Army in April of 1556. | |
| Astarkhan | 1122 | - the city founded in 1122 by a tarkhan named As, i.e. As- Tarkhan. Present city of Astrakhan. |
| Atryach | - Bulgar city on a right-bank side of Itil Bulgaria. In 931 the city was renamed in "Shongyt". Later it was renamed back to "Atryach". | |
| Balyn | - Bulgar fortress, subsequently became city of Suzdal. | |
| Bandja | - original Bulgar name for the city of Unogur (Phanagoria), the capital of the Great Bulgaria. In 925 in the place of the present city of Samara the Bulgars built a fortress Bandja. In due course the fortress became a huge city with 15 suburbs and 15 towers. For long time the city of Bandja was a center of province Bellak-Mardan. | |
| Bashtu | 620 | - a fortress founded in 620 by Shambat, the younger brother of Khan Kurbat (Kubrat). The fortress was named after the Kurbat's nickname Bashtu. The fortress became a Kremlin (citadel) of a large city. Present city of Kiev. |
| Bolgar | 748 | - the first capital of the Itil Bulgaria Khanaate. In the end of the 740es the Burdjans, i.e. the Dagestani Bulgars built a fortress named Marduan (Mardukan - Born by Mar). In 760 Marduan was renamed to Bolgar. From 760 to 865 it was a capital of the Bulgar Beylik (Princedom). From 865, with small interruptions, the city of Bolgar was the capital of Itil Bulgaria Khanate. |
| Boryn | - Bulgarian forepost on the river Boryn-Inesh (in Russ.river Voronej). Present city of Lipetsk on the river Voronej. | |
| Bulymer | - Bulgarian the name for the city of Vladimir | |
| Bulyar (Bilyar) | 748 | - the center of province Baytüba. In 882 in the location of the future city of Bulyar or Bilyar were built a caravan - saray (inn) and a mosque. They were built on the means of the leader of clan Baryn ("Victor") Bek (Prince) Alabuga. In 922 the city of Bulyar became the center of the province Baytüba. From 1076 to 1118, and then from 1220 to November 5, 1236, Bilyar was the capital of Itil Bulgaria Khanaate. On November 5, 1236 the Mongolian armies destroyed the city to its foundations. |
| Gazan | 1103 | - the medieval name of the city Kazan. Names of the city of Kazan: 1. Uchel - from 1103 to 1220 2. Gazan - from 1220 to 1361 3. Bolgar al Djadid (New Bolgar) - from 1361 to 1431 4. Kazan - from 1431 to the present time. |
| Galidj | - Bulgars called Galidj 1. city Ladoga 2. city Novgorod the Great 3. Bulgarian fortress, now the city of Galich in the Kostroma area. | |
| Djalmat | - fortress built by order of Baytüba governor Talib in 956. Originally this fortress was named after the founder, i.e. "Talib". Later it was called Djalmat. This fortress became the present city Almetyevsk. | |
| Djuketau | 922 | - Bulgarian city founded in 922. In the beginning it was called Tukhchi. In 1219 it was renamed Djuketun (it was the name of city Ustüg, after a capture of Djuketun-Ustüg, in honor of this event Tukhchi was renamed to Djuketun). In the people's dialect it became Djuketau. In the Rus annals, Tukhchi is called Tukhchin, and Djuketau as Jukotin. |
| Djunne-Kala | - the name of the Bulgar fortress built in 922 on the right bank of Itil. Also called Ibrahim-Balik. In the place of the burnt (in Russ. Djun-Kala) fortress, in 1220, after another war, the Russes rebuilt the fortress calling it Nizhni Novgorod (Lower Novgorod, or Lower New Citadel). In 1221 - 1225 the fortress was re-captured by the Itil Bulgaria, and in 1226 - 1237 it fell under the Suzdal Principality. From 1237 to 1262 it was again in the Bulgarian possession, from 1262 to 1437 it fell again into the hands of Suzdal. From 1437 to 1445 it was re-captured by the Khan Ulug Muhammed. In the autumn of the 1445 it was captured by Suzdal. | |
| Kazgyn | - station on Ob river, established by Bulgarian merchants in 1137. In this place is now located the city Novosibirsk (New Siberian). | |
| Kalgan | - fortified suburb of Kazan. | |
| Kan | - Kan-Kerman, later Khan-Kermen, Kan- Mardan - present city of Murom, the Murom Princedom. | |
| Karadjar | - Bulgar city. Present city of Chernigov. | |
| Kashan | 748 | |
| Kolyn | 866 | - Bulgar city. In 866 Bulgars built a road station with a caravan - saray. Later in its place was built the present city Khlynov. In Russian annals Khlynov; Vyatka. In Stalin times he re-named it Kirov. |
| Korym-Chally | - Bulgarian city, center of the Chally-Cheremshan Beylik. In 1556 it was destroyed by the Rus army. | |
| Kush-Urma | - Bulgarian fortress. It grew into present city of Kostroma. | |
| Lachyk-Uba | - Bulgarian fortress. Now on its place is located the Nizhniy Novgorod's settlement Lyskovo. | |
| Martuan | - an inner citadel of the city Bulyar. | |
| Moskha | 1088 | - Bulgarian the name of Moscow. The citadel was founded by Khan Ahad Moskha in 1088. The word "Moskha" is Türkic "cow". |
| Mumyn | - an inner citadel of Bolgar city. | |
| Nur-Suvar | 922 | - also Baryndjar, Sham-Suar, Baryntu - Bulgarian city. |
| Omek | - menzel (road station) with a caravan - saray, built in 1136. In 1140 it became a Bulgarian fortress. In present time it is called the city of Omsk. | |
| Saksin-Bolgar | 970 | - the city founded by Bulgars in 970. Between 1243 and 1246, on order of Itil Bulgaria Emir Gazi Baradj, Bulgars built in place of Saksin-Bolgar the new city Saray - Batu. |
| Samar | 1236 | |
| Saratau | 922 | - Bulgarian fortress founded in 922. Present city of Saratov. |
| Sarychin | 970 | - Bulgarian fortress founded in 970. Present City of Volgograd (formerly also called in Russ. Tsarytsyn, Stalingrad). |
| Simbir | 866 | - Bulgarian fortress founded in 866. Present City of Ulyanovsk 1924 (formerly also called in Russ. Simbirsk 1648) |
| Suz-Uny | - Bulgarian fortress. Present city of Syzran. | |
| Seber | - also Urus Seber - city of Novgorod Seversky. | |
| Sün-Kala | 807 | - Bulgarian the city founded in 807. It grew around the watchtower of the Sabanian clan Sün. It was the location of the fair for Burdjanian, Sabanian, Bershudian and Arian merchants |
| Tabyl-Katau | - Bulgarian city on the river Shishma. In the beginning it was called Chishma-Saban | |
| Tamya-Takhan | - also known in the Russian rendition as city of Tmutarakan | |
| Tatyak | - suburb of Bulyar | |
| Òóëà | - Tolu, a city of artisans, metallurgists, weapon makers and just skilled folks, Tolu comes from Türkic "tolum" - "weapons" | |
| Tukhchi | 922 | - Bulgarian city founded in 922. In 1219 it was renamed to Djuketun. Present city of Chistopol |
| Tümeni | 1036 | - present city of Tyumen. It founded by Bulgars in 1036 as the center of Tubdjak province. The population paid a tribute to Itil Bulgaria |
| Ugek | - alsoUkek, Uvek - the Bulgarian city on Itil river | |
| Khazar | - originally a Bulgarian military outpost built in 1035. On its place is located the present city of Voronezh. | |
| Khan-Kerman | 926 | - originally called Modjar Kala ("Modjar"), it was a menzel ( road station) with a caravan-sarai, founded by Bulgars in 926. In the 1010 the Bulgarian Khan Ibragim lent it, together with Kan - Mardan (Murom), to the Kievan Rus. However, the former population remained in the city. In 1437 the former Saray Khan Ulug Muhammed took Modjar and renamed it to Khan - Kerman (Khan's Fortress). The city consist of two parts, on the right and left banks of Oka. The right bank part was called "Kurmysh", and the left Tash Balik (Stone City or Stone Suburb). In 1445 in Khan-Kerman had 20 mosques. |
| Kharka | - fortress serving as a center of the Bulgarian clan Kharka. In the present time it is the city of Kharkov. | |
| Khin-Kerman | - also Khin - the city of Sarkel (translation into Russian as Belaya Veja, "White Tower") on river Don. | |
| Khorysdan | - the quarter of the rulers of the Kara Bulgars. On this place is now the city Putivl (used to be Rus' Korosten) (50°57′N 28°38′E). | |
| Khursa | - the center of iron mining of Kara Bulgar. It was named after the Alp (Holy, Saint) of fire and smithing. Present city of Kursk. | |
| Chalap-Kerman | 960 | - fortress located at the influence of the rivers Djaik (Yaik, Ural) and Ilak (Ilek). In 960 - 1236 years it was the center of Illak district of the Badjanak (Besenyo/Bosnyak) Ulus of the Itil Bulgaria's Mardan-Bellak Beylik. This fortress was on the Bukhara trading road from the Bulgar city to Khoresm (in English usually spelled Khwaresm) |
| Chally-Kala | - present city of Belgorod (translation into Russian as Belyy Citadel, "White Citadel") (50°46′N 37°27′E) | |
| Shamlyn | - present city of Smolensk. | |
| Tash-Kerman | 992 | |
| Yar-Chally | 1172 | - present city of Naberezhnye Chelny 1626. Originally a (Bulgarian - Ttranslator's Note) military camp. Brejnev 1982-1988 |
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1. Index of cities, fortresses and stations |
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11/02/2003