EXPANSION OF PRA-TÜRKS TO S. CAUCASUS AND NEAR EAST

In last third of the 3rd millennium BC, kurgans started penetrating from the Northern to the Southern Caucasus, through the Derbent pass (Dagestan) and the west of the Black Sea routes. This paths of expansion can be visibly traced by the kurgans near Novotitarevka stan and aul (village - Translator's Note) Utamysh in Dagestan. S. Caucasian archeologists are unanimous that the Kurgan culture appears suddenly there, as a completely alien phenomenon for the local tribes. These monuments are known in many areas of the S. Caucasia, but the earliest are kurgans located near the village Bedeni in Georgia, and the Uch-tepe the kurgans in the Azerbaijan, etc.

From here, further to the south, the Kurgan culture reaches the banks of the lake Urmia in the Middle East.

The ancient Kurgan culture of the horse, cattle and sheep breeders for the first time met settled agricultural tribes in the territory of the S. Caucasia, Near East and Asia Minor. Has developed a natural symbiosis of two cultures, and different ethno-cultural communities amalgamated. As a result of this symbiosis, evolved a new settled agricultural and cattle breeding ethnic community, which combined both types of the economic production.

This symbiosis in the territory of the ancient Mesopotamia, (modern Iraq) gives a huge push to the establishment of the world-renowned civilization of Sumer (Somar, Suvar). Between the carriers of the Maykop cultures of the Northern Caucasus and the ancient Sumers (Suvars, Somars) developed tight cultural and economic relations, displayed by repeated finds, in the Sumerian cities and Maykop kurgans, of the similar distinct arms, ornaments, etc. It is important to note that these objects are found in the Sumerian cities and in the North Caucasian Maykop kurgans, but they are almost never found in the monuments in the territory between them, neither in the S. Caucasia, nor in the other areas of the Northern Caucasus. The mutual contacts between the Maykopians and Sumerians are like the relations between long-separated parts of the ancient pra-Türkic tribes with their ancestral home in the Northern Caucasus and adjoining  Eurasian steppes. The impression is that these connections had transitive character, probably, explained by the closeness of their traditions and cultures.

There is plenty of evidence that the ancient Sumerians were a long separated part from the main pra-Türkic tribes. Therefore, in their language are many Türkic words, written about by many scientists of the last century and of today.

SUMERIAN-KARACHAEVO-BALKARIAN LEXICAL CONVERGENCIES

Such conjunctions are multiple, there are more than 4 hundred of them. But the shown conjunctions are enough to affirm the kihship of the Sumerian and Karachaevo-Balkarian languages.

The scientific data tells that the spread of the ancient pra-Türkic of the Kurgan culture was a result of a split of the ancient Turkic community, originally represented by the Kurgan-Afanasian ethno-cultural community. This dissolution chronologically coincided with the disintegration of the ancient Indo-European community. The mutual impingements resulting of these processes are reflected in the observed mass of the mutually penetrating linguistic convergences between the Türkic and Indo-European languages.

The name of the God Gudey is amazingly close to the word Kuday, "God" in the Kazakh and Kirgiz languages. The word Khuday, also spelled Khudai, is a prominent Türkic theonym, meaning "God", "Almighty", "Supreme" etc. In the Bashkort, Khuday means "spirit", in the Tatar it means  "God", the White Hun's history as early as 2 c. AD notes a royal name Haphtar Hudai, it is a popular name with the meaning of "God" in Pakhtu. The Internet search for "Khudai" returned me 6,000 entries. Looks like 4,000 years ago Sumerians were experts in propagating their religious concepts.

Let's review several Sumerian-Karachaevo-Balkarian lexical convergencies:

WHY?