| DATELINE |
| Time |
Events |
| -400 |
First mentioning of Dinlins living in Minusinsk depression and also in forest-steppe belt from Ob to Baykal (Türk "Main Lake"),
identified with carriers of Tagar Culture (7th-3rd cc BC). Dinlins are presented Centaur-like joint with horse, or with hairy legs and hoofs |
| -400 |
Large Salbyk kurgan 20 m high, 80 m diameter, dated 4th-3rd cc BC with a single burial. Among artifacts was rotating hand mill.
Evidence of agriculture, cattle breeding, and irrigation |
| -300 |
300 BC - 300 AD Dinlins live in S Siberia from lake Baykal to middle Enisey and sources of r. Chulym. Chinese annals certify
Türkic-speaking of Dinlins, and call the state "Dinlin go" = "Dinlin state" |
| -300 |
S of Dinlins live Gyanguns (Geguns), belived to be earliest transcription of Kyrgyz. Gyanguns live in N-W Mongolia. |
| -201 |
Mode subjugated Dinlins, pushed them to N and giving their land to Gyanguns. Dinlin carriers of Tagar Culture join with Gyanguns,
creating Tashtyk Culture (1thc BC - 5th c AD). |
| -174 |
Kokkhan (174-161 BC) Huns (Hsiung-nu) attack Tocharians (Yüeh-chih, White Huns), driving them from Gansu. |
| -174 |
Nomadic Yu-chi, a powerful force west of China, attacked and defeated by Huns and driven west, into Sogdia (K'ang-chu), from
where they invade Bactria (Ta-hsia). Strabo 11.8.2 names them Asii, Pasiani, Tochari, and Sacarauli |
| -141 |
141-128 BC
Tochars (Yüeh-chih), fleeing from Huns (Hsiung-nu), overrun Greco-Bactrian kingdom, which is renamed Tocharistan. |
| -124 |
Asi (Yazig), Pasiani (Budini/Beçen/Peçenek), Tocharian, Sabir (Sabaroi) tribes break into Sogdiana (Chinese "K'ang-chu") and
Baktria (Chinese "Ta-hsia"). In next five years two Parthian emperor die in wars. Later Sakauraka tribe is also conquered by them |
| -73 |
Usuns, headed by a hereditary ruler, Kunmi, number over 600,000. They are 2 groups, Kangly (many of whom were sedentary farmers)
in Karatau region and middle course of Syr Darya, and Alani migrated from N shores of Aral Sea to N banks of Caspian Sea |
| -73 |
Excavations at Aktyubinsk (on right bank of Syr Darya) reveal that Usun erected permanent dwellings as winter residences for
tribal notables; most elaborate of these were two-story dwellings with enclosed courtyards |
| -69 |
Dinlins from N join with Uhuans from E and Usuns (As-Süns) from W attack and defeat Huns. Among booty Dinlins bring to Minusinsk
depression thousands more of Gyanguns. |
| -69 |
69-49 BC Period of Dinlin independence |
| -55 |
Hun confederation splits into N. and S., N.Huns under Chjichji-Chanuy and S.Huns under Khukhanie-Chanuy. |
| -49 |
Chjichji-Chanuy defeated and subordinated Dinlins and Gyanguns |
| 185 AD |
Avar (Juan-juan) state on the NW border of China, to the Mtn. Altai |
| 200 |
Tentative dating of Yenisean Alphabet consodered by V.V. Radlov, P.Melioransky and S.E.Malov to be 2-3 centuries older than
benchmark Orkhon Alphabet dated to 5th century by 6th century inscriptions |
| 350 |
ca. 350 Juan-juans take the Sien-pi lands. |
| 400 |
Fifth and sixth centuries A.D. Usun (Turgesh) union began to disintegrate, after successive invasions by Altai Turks |
| 402 |
Juan-juans take Cungaria (Djungaria) and Upper Irtis (Irtysh). |
| 410 |
Syanbinian (Türk. Sün-bey, i.e. "Hun Bek") Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday died (-410), his brother Khulyuy (410-414) becomes Khan. |
| 410 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Shelun Deuday unlimitedly controlled steppes from Khingan to Altai. Tele were subjugated. Central Asian
Huns, after winning battle at river Ili, recognized suzerainty of Syanbinian Jujans and bought peace by submissiveness. |
| 414 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Khulyuy (410-414) died, his cousin Datan (414-4 )becomes Khan. |
| 418 |
Syanbinian Jujanes penetrated Tarbagatay area, |
| 430 |
Major campaign by Tabgach Empire Wey army, under Emperor Tay-u-di (Toba Dao) disperse Syanbinian Jujanes. Datan disappears,
leadership taken by his son Udi. Udi agrees to pay tribute to Empire Wey. |
| 437 |
Syanbinian Jujanes under Udi resume attacks on Empire Wey. In 439 Empire Wey counterattacks, without decisive battle. In 440 Udi
attacks border and flees. Then again in 445. |
| 439 |
In 439 Tobases had victory over Huns and joined Chesi to Wey Empire, Khan Ashina with 500 families fled to Syanbinian Jujanes
and settled south of Altai mountains and produce iron for Syanbinian Jujanes. |
| 439 |
The Türk (in Chinese texts t'u-küe) tribe, led by the Asina clan, is admitted into the Juan-juan state, and settles the S.
slopes of Altay. |
| 440 |
Hephthalites (White Huns, Ephtalite, i.e. Türk.: Abdal, Abdally,
Hantal, later known in West as Avars) move south from Altai region to occupy Transoxiana, Bactria, Khorasan, and eastern Persia |
| 445 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Udi (430-445) died, his son Tukhechjen becomes Khan. Empire Wey undertakes punishment raids into steppes
against Syanbinian Jujanes. |
| 470 |
Peace between Syanbinian Jujan and Tabgach-Northern Wey Empire |
| 485 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Yuychen died, his …??... Doulun becomes Khan. |
| 492 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Doulun killed, end of Syanbinian Jujan Syanbinian overlordship over steppes and Tele.
Nagay becomes Khan |
| 493 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Nagay died, his son Futu becomes Khan. |
| 500 |
Gaochan in Turfan oasis, under ethnically Chinese lord, under overlordship of Syanbinian Jujanes, breaks with their allies
Syanbinian Jujanes. |
| 500 |
Usun (Turgesh) population remained, but came first under rule of Western Turkish Kaganates and then under their successor, the
Turgesh Kaganate, with its center at Shash, near present-day Tashkent |
| 500 |
In 6th-7th cc in Kyrgyz state were widely spread golden-plated wooden animal carvings, horse harnesses with floral ornamentation |
| 508 |
Mivotu is a lord of Teles (Teleutes), in vassalage to Ephtalites. Helps Empire Wey's 3K army defeat Syanbinian Jujanes at lake
Puley, after being paid 60 pieces of silk by Empire Wey. Futu dies in struggles.
Mivotu is rewarded with musical instruments. |
| 508 |
Mivotu is a lord of Teles (Teleutes), in vassalage to Hephtalites. Helps Empire Wey's 3K army defeat Syanbinian Jujanes at lake
Puley, after being paid 60 pieces of silk by Empire Wey. Futu dies in struggles.
Mivotu is rewarded with musical instruments. |
| 508 |
Cheunu becomes Jujan Khan. |
| 513 |
Buddhism penetrates to Syanbinian Jujanes.
Khan converts to Buddhism.
Religious divisions in ruling clan. |
| 516 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Cheunu attacks Tele's kingdom Gaogyuy, captures Tele (Teleut) lord Mivota, Tele escape to Ephtalites |
| 519 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Cheunu makes a treaty with Ephtalites, gives Ephtalite lords his princesses as wives.
Allies with Korea (Gao-Guyli) against Empire Wey, and together smash Manju tribe Dideugan. |
| 519 |
Empire Wey recognized suzerainty of Turfan's Gaochan, and Syanbinian Jujanes continue to trade with them, receiving bread and
cloth.
Iron goods are provided to Syanbinian Jujans by their Türkic vassals (Turkuts, Türks-Tuku) in Altai. |
| 520 |
Syanbinian Jujan Khan Cheunu killed by his mother, installed her another son, Anahuan, replaced by Polomyn. |
| 521 |
Teles rebel and defeat remaining Syanbinian Jujanes under Polomyn, and Polomyn moves to Empire Wey with remains of his Horde.
Anakhuan escaped to Empire Wey in 520, so both branches of Syanbinian Jujan horde ended up in Empire Wey. |
| 522 |
522-552 Kagan A-na-kuei (A-na-kui) |
| 540 |
Split of Empire Wey makes Syanbinian Jujan Khan Anakhuan a hegemon for both halves of Empire Wey. |
| 545 |
Syanbinian Jujan lord Anakhuan, allied with Syanbinian Eastern Wey, together with Eastern Wey's emperor Gao Khuan, and Togon's
king Kualyuy, attack Syanbinian Western Wey, but do not defeat Syanbinian Western Wey decisively. |
| 545 |
Emperor of Syanbinian Western Wey Ven-di sends ambassador An Nopanto to Türkic lord Bumyn.
Bumyn displays disloyalty to their suzerain Syanbinian Jujanes and sends a reciprocating embassy to Syanbinian Western Wey capital Chanan. |
| 546 |
Hephtalite embassy came to W. Wey |
| 550 |
West Tele tribes revolt against Syanbinian Jujan dominance, and attack from western Djungaria toward Khalka in Syanbinian Jujan
heartland. |
| 550 |
Bumyn, by accepting West Tele tribes vassalage, displays another disloyalty to Syanbinian Jujanian suzerainty. |
| 550 |
Mid of 6th c emergence of polyethnic state in Minusinsk depression: with Türkic prevailing language, some members are believed
to be Nenets group of the Uralic language family. State created and lead by Kyrgyz (Gyangun) clan, and is called in literature Yenisey Kyrgyz
State or Kyrgyz Kaganate |
| 550 |
KYRGYZ KAGANATE
ca 550 - 1293 A.D
Founder -
Area - borders: W - Abakan Ridge and Alatau, S - W. Sayan Ridge, E - probably E.Sayan Ridge, N - to taiga and estuary of r. Angara |
 |
| 550 |
Consolidation of Kyrgyz Kaganate coincided with creation of First Türkic Kaganate (552-630). Initial relations are peaceful,
Kyrgyzes attended funerals of Türkic Kagan Bumyn (Bumyn stela inscription). |
| 550 |
ca 550-629 Period of Kyrgyz Kaganate subordination and relative independence from First Türkic Kaganate |
| 551 |
Z. Ritor: "Thirteen peoples Avnagur (Onogur), Avgar, Sabir, Burgar, Alan, Kurtargar, Avar, Hasar, Dirmar, Sirurgur, Bagrasir,
Kulas, Abdel and Hephtalit live in tents, earn their living on meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons." |
| 551 |
551-552 Turkish revolt, starting in the Altai |
| 551 |
Türkic Lord Bumyn (1) provokes Syanbinian Jujanes to a war by asking for a Syanbinian Jujan princess as a wife.
Anakhuan refuses, calling him slave-smelter daring for such an offer. |
| 552 |
April 552 Juan-juan defeat; a part of the fleeing Juan-juans enter C'i lands in China, the Kagan is K'u-t'i (552-554), then
An-lo-ch'en, son of A-na-kui. The majority (?) starts to West. On the old Juan-juan territory starts the First Turkish Khaganate |
| 552 |
Türkic Khan Bumyn executes Syanbinian Jujan's ambassador, and in winter of 552 attacks Syanbinian Jujanes and defeats them. |
| 552 |
Syanbinian Jujanes, defeated by Türks, elect Anakhuan's uncle Dynshuttsy as Khan and continue fighting. In a battle near
mountain Lyanshan they are defeated by Kara Issyk Khan. |
| 553 |
Syanbinian Jujanes are defeated by new Türkic Khan Mugan Khan.
They flee to Syanbinian Eastern Wey under dynasty of Bey-Tsi, who accepted them and repulsed Türks (Turkuts, Türks-Tuku) pursuit. |
| 553 |
553-568 Turks and Sassanids ally to destroy Hephthalite Empire (Avars). |
| 553 |
Kidanes defeated by Tsists. Ephtalite embassy to W.Wey |
| 554 |
Syanbinian Jujanes do not have their herds, and are unable to work. They terrorize and rob population, and Syanbinian Eastern
Wey Bey-Tsi sends an army against Syanbinian Jujanes. |
| 554 |
Destruction of Syanbinian Jujanes weakened Syanbinian Eastern Wey Bey-Tsi.
At same time, Syanbinian Western Wey Bey-Chjou was growing and more powerful. |
| 554 |
Jujans started looting in Tsi, but are repelled by Chinese.
555 Jujans flee from Bey-Tsi to W Wey, given to Türks (Turkuts, Türks-Tuku) and decimated. Lyan attacks Bey-Tsi |
| 555 |
Syanbinian Jujanes are expelled from Syanbinian Eastern Wey Bey-Tsi by army to steppes.
Syanbinian Jujanes are beaten by Türks (Turkuts, Türks-Tuku) and Kidanes. |
| 555 |
Türks defeat Avars (Abars).
First encounter of Türks (Turkuts, Türks-Tuku) with Hephtalites. |
| 556 |
Syanbinian Jujanes flee to Syanbinian Western Wey, which surrenders 3K army to Türkic ambassador, who orders decapitation of all
except children and servants.
End of Syanbinian Jujan dominance of steppes. |
| 557 |
Avar's ambassador Kandikh to Byzantium Justinian demands lands and tribute. |
| 558 |
Istemi Yabgu stops at Itil, allowing Vars and Huni, both from North of Aral Sea to escape to west and become known as Avars.
(This is Gumilev's misinterpretation of Avars and Huns) |
| 558 |
Vars (Ugrian tribe, related to Hungarian ancestors Ogors/Ugrs which lived between Itil and Ural rivers, and to Hungarians living
in Bashkiria up to XIII c.) and Huni (Khionites = Sarmato-Alanians), both from North of Aral Sea, become known as Avars
(This is Gumilev's misinterpretation of Avars and Huns) |
| 558 |
Turks conquered Volga and Urals areas. Remains of Huni, Var, and Obr tribes went west to Danube, creating united Avar people
(This is Gumilev's misinterpretation of Avars and Huns). Their first
task was to escape from enemy. They managed it only because that Ephtalites were active in C Asia and distracted Istemi |
| 558 |
Hephthalites (Avars) move west to Black Sea steppe to form Avar Khanate |
| 558 |
Istemi: When I finish with Hephtalites, I will go after Avars, they can't escape. . |
| 563 |
Turkic armies, supported by Khosrov attack on Balkh, invade Ephtalite lands south of Amudarya. Per 'Shah-Name', decisive battle
near Bukhara. Ephtalite army of King Gatifar is crushed |
| 567 |
Spring 567 Turks, pursuing Avars, cross R. Itil (Volga) |
| 570 |
Syanbinian Jujan horde keeps robbing neighbors.
Language = Syanbinian
Consider themselves to be ethnically Tobases. |
| 603 |
Kushans rebel against Iran with help from Turks. Tocharistan separates from Iran |
| 629 |
Rebellious tribes started fighting for power. Tribe of On-Uigurs (Ten Uigur Tribes union) lead by clan Yaglkar (Kar/Kur/Chur...
= leader, popular Türkic title) faces better organized and stronger Sirs. On-Uigurs assembled anti-Sir coalition "Tokuz0Oguz" (nine Oguzes, i.e.
nine Tribes). Contenders sent ambassadors to Chanan, to Taytszun court to obtain endorsement, in eyes of vassal tribes, of their stronger
Chinese protector, and Chinese Emperor selects Sirs. In result head of Sirs Inanchu-erkin proclaims himself Yenchu Bilge-Kagan, forming
Sir's Kaganate.Former lands of Eastern Türkic Kaganate recognize supremacy of Sirs. In the north Sirs subdued Enisey Kyrgyzes, and installed
their Elteber for supervision. |
| 629 |
Türkic Seyanto, member of Western Türkic Kaganate, ascended to power, controlling Central Asia, and subordinated Kyrgyz Kaganate
until 647 |
| 632 |
Tan Empire ambassador Van I-Hun arrived to Kyrgyz Kagan to establish diplomatic relations, indicating Kyrgyz independence |
| 643 |
Kyrgyz Kagan ambassador pays return visit to Tan Empire |
| 647 |
Eastern Türkic Kaganate is known to be in control of Altai-Sayan highlands, i.e Kyrgyz Kaganate territory |
| 648 |
648-748 Kyrgyz Kagan's ambassadors visited Tan Empire 10 times during century, mostly in support of trade relations |
| 679 |
679-682 Türkic-Chinese war. Kyrgyz Kaganate is believed to be a Chinese Tan dependency. Second Türkic Kaganate's Kagan Mochjo
(692-716) tried to convince Kyrgyz Kagan Bars-beg to a vassalage, giving him daughter of his predecessor Kagan Gudulu, aka Ilteres-Kagan, as a
wife. |
| 700 |
Upper Enisey and Tuva have a rich treasure of Türkic inscriptions, most of which are yet to be catalogued, preserved and
described. Most of dating is suppositions because of lack of expert study. |
| 700 |
In 8th century in Kyrgyz Kaganate appeared large urban centers, were built palaces, temples, administration buildings, mostly of
saman (adobe) and wood. Capital city was found in the delta of r. Uybat. Local principals build fortresses and castles. |
| 709 |
Kyrgyzes, allied with Western Türkic Kaganate and Tabgaches (Türco-Chinese Empire Wey), attack Eastern Türkic Kaganate |
| 710 |
In Türkic-Kyrgyz war, Kyrgyz Kagan Bars-beg is killed by army of Second Türkic Kaganate's Kagan Mochjo, who willed to install
balbal (i.e. stone sculpture) of Bars-beg at his grave |
 |
| 731 |
Kul Tegin inscription witnesses independent status of Kyrgyz Kaganate, which
sent ambassador Chur-Tardush Ynanchu to his funerals |
| 740 |
UIGUR KAGANATE
740 - 1335 A.D
Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan
Area - Central Asia and Northern Mongolia |
| 744 |
744-758 After murder by Uigurs of Second Türkic Kaganate's last Kagan Ozmish, Kyrgyz Kaganate regained independence |
| 757 |
Uigur Eletmish Bilge-Kagan sent help to Empire Tan. Uigur defeat An Lushan, who dies. Uigurian corps is lead by eldest son of
Kagan Kutlug Bilge-Yabgu. After Chinese campaign he was accuzed in rebeliousness and executed. His corps, which campained against An Lushan
revolt, participated in campaign against Kyrgyzes |
| 758 |
Uigurs defeat 50,000 strong Kyrgyz army, bringing them into fold of Uigur Kaganate for 85 years (758-843). If war mobilization
was total, total Kyrgyz country population stood at 250,000 people. Kyrgyz country retained autonomy within Uigur Kaganate |
| 800 |
Kyrgyz country N border was at Sayan Ridge |
| 808 |
ca 808, During Uigur Khan Bao-i (808-821) Kyrgyz army fights Uigur Kaganate |
| 820 |
820-840, 20-year Uigur-Kyrgyz war under Kyrgyz ruler Yaglkar, ending with Kyrgyz victory over last Uigur Kagan Chjan-sin |
| 840 |
Uigurs mostly evacuate from Central Asia to disperse in Middle Asia and a part migrated to Turfan and organized new Turfan state
lead by Kagan Ugye |
| 840 |
Yaglkar restored Khan's title, moved capital from Yenisey bank to S. slope of Du-man mountain. |
| 842 |
Kyrgyzes pursue Uigurs to Eastern Turkestan, but could not subjugate them. Kyrgyzes captured Tuva, Altai, a part of Djungaria
and reachd Kashgar, but failed to cut off Uigurs from Central Asian Türks |
| 842 |
Rulers of Kyrgyz Kaganate aimed to increase weaponry production, because they had great access to mountain mining, metallurgy,
and weapon production. They had a well equipped army in their command. |
| 850 |
ca 850 Hudud Al-Alam describes Kyrgyzes as "unjust and merciless, noted by militaristic attitude and prone to quarrels;
they are hostile and fight all nations surrounding them" |
| 890 |
By end of century Yenisey Kyrgyz State occupied vast territory: W. - from middle course of Irtysh, E. - Baykal and Selenga, N.
- R. Angara |
| 916 |
916-1125 Mongol-speaking Kidanes establish Lyao state. |
| 924 |
Kidan Emperor Abaotszi invaded Central Asia, which was not any more under Kyrgyz control. Kyrgyzes moved their capital from Tuva
to Minusinsk depression. Initially relations between Kyrgyzes and Kidanes were peaceful |
| 924 |
ca 900-1100 Retreat of Kyrgyzes and advance of Kidanes opens way for migration of
Mongol-speaking tribes from r. Amur basin and Manjuria to Central Asian territories occupied by Türkic population, and flight of Türks from
borders of China to the west. |
| 924 |
924-1206 Kyrgyzes succeed in preserving their state in Yenisey basin |
| 940 |
ca 940 Abu Dulaf Al-Khazraji describes that Kyrgyzes ate
millet, rice, beef, lamb, goat meat, and other meats except camel |
| 1000 |
1000-1200 L.R.Kyzlasov: Kyrgyz state unravels into a loose confederation of autonomous
principalities of various descend and languages unable to unite into a single nation and unable to resist forein invaders |
| 1160 |
Al Idrisi (1099-1166) wrote, among other observations that Kyrgyzes had water mills |
| 1206 |
1206-1209 After a kurultai that proclaimed Temuchin as Chingiz-khan, Mongols start a
3-year campaign against Kyrgyzes. After a 3-year struggle Kyrgyzes are defeated. |
| 1208 |
Kyrgyzes revolt against Mongol control at time of Mongol campaign against Horezm. Juchi
was sent to suppress revolt, and he succeeded for a time |
| 1254 |
New revolt by Kyrgyzes forces Mongol to send 20,000 army against revolt.Uprising was
suppressed, but Kyrgyzes were not pacified |
| 1293 |
Khubilai-khan ordered expulsion of Kyrgyzes to Manjuria. A part of Kyrgyzes is deported to
Manjuria, signifying end of Yenisey Kyrgyz State |
| 1293 |
End of KYRGYZ KAGANATE
ca 550 - 1293 A.D
Founder -
Area - borders: W - Abakan Ridge and Alatau, S - W. Sayan Ridge, E - probably E.Sayan Ridge, N - to taiga and estuary of r. Angara |
| 1335 |
End of UIGUR KAGANATE
740 - 1335 A.D
Founder - Kutlug Bilgekul Khan
Area - Central Asia and Northern Mongolia |
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| 3000 BC |
3th-2nd Millenniums BC Formation of a cattle breeding economy of shepperd type in Yenisei
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| 2000 |
2nd -1st Millenniums BC Northern Kirgiz type of Andronov culture (Suhuluk, Kainda) |
| 1000 |
10th-8th c BC Northern Kirgiz type of Karasuk culture (Djailma, Naryn, Kargaly) |
| 700 |
7th-6th c BC Saka tribal union (Issyk-Kul altars; Talass burials: Ayri Tam, Chim Tüz,
Djiek) |
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