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  Hunnic Writing

Turanian Writing

Paleography of 8 Türkic Alphabets

Türkic and Kharosthi Table

Karosthi (Kharosthi) Script

Karosthi-Aramaic Script

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Türkic Alphabets

This is a partial comparative table of contemporary alphabets. For Cyrillic alphabets, imposed in the Former USSR with still continued vestiges, a number of Internet sites provide custom fonts and a variety of non-standard keyboard layouts.

English Turkish   Azeri   Latin Bashkir Latin Tatar  Latin   Uigur   Latin   Uigur   Arabic Uzbek Latin 
Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa Aa
  â ə  Ǝǝ Ǝǝ    
Bb Bb Bb Bb Bb Bb ب Bb
Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc Cc ج  
  Çç Çç   Çç Çç چ Ch ch
Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd Dd د Dd
        Ðđ          
Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee Ee
Ff Ff Ff Ff Ff Ff ف Ff
Gg Gg Gg Gg Gg Gg گ Gg
  ğ Ğğ Ğğ Ğğ Ğğ غ  G'g'
Hh Hh Hh Hh Hh Hh Hh
Ii Ìi Ìi Ìi Ìi Ìi Ii
  Iı Iı   Iı       
Jj Jj Jj Jj Jj Jj ژ Jj
Kk Kk Kk Kk Kk Kk ق Kk
Ll Ll Ll Ll Ll Ll ل Ll
Mm Mm Mm Mm Mm Mm م Mm
Nn Nn Nn Nn Nn Nn ن Nn
      Ŋŋ Ññ Ŋŋ    Ng ng
Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo Oo
  Öö Öö Öö Öö Öö  O'o'
Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp Pp پ Pp
Qq   Qq Qq Qq Qq ك Qq
Rr Rr Rr Rr Rr Rr ر Rr
Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss Ss س Ss
  Şş Şş Şş Şş Şş ش  Sh sh
Tt Tt Tt Tt Tt Tt ت Tt
Uu Uu Uu Uu Uu Uu Uu
  Üü Üü   Üü Üü  
Vv Vv Vv Vv Vv Vv Vv
Ww Ww         Ww       
Xx   Xx Xx Xx Xx خ Xx
Yy Yy Yy Yy Yy Yy ي Yy
Zz Zz Zz Zz Zz Zz ز Zz
    ü Üü        

Pronunciation - Turkish

A, a     as in ‘art or ‘bar’

â          a faint ‘y’ sound in the preceding consonant

E, e     as in ‘fell’ or as the first vowel in ‘ever’

Ì, i       a short ‘i’ as in ‘hit’or ‘sit’

I, ı      a neutral vowel; as the ‘a’ in ‘ago’

O, o    between the ‘o’ in ‘hot’ and the ‘aw’ in’awe’

Ö, ö    as the ‘e’ in ‘her’ said with pursed lips

U, u    as the ‘oo’ in ‘moo’

Ü, ü    an exaggerated rounded lip ‘yoo’

C, c    as the ’j’ in ‘jet’

Ç, ç    as the 'ch’ in ‘church’

G, g   always hard as in ‘get’, not as in ‘gentle’

ğ        silent, it lengthens the preceding vowel

H, h    always pronounced; a weak ‘h* as in ‘half’

J, j      as the ‘z’ in ‘azure’

S, s     always as in ‘stress’, not as in ‘ease’

Ş, ş      as the ‘sh’ in ‘show’

V, v     soft, amost like a ‘w’

W, w   same as Turkish ‘v’, only for foreign words

Pronunciation - Tatar

All letters of Tatar alphabet identical to letters of Turkish alphabet are pronounced identically to Turkish letters. Tatar specifics are Ğ ğ, Ii, Ññ, Qq, Ww, Xx:

 Ğ, ğ    guttural g; somewhat harsh, protractible, sound when you pronounce g down in the throat, as if you growl. Tatar g is somewhat harsher than Turkish g. Turkish g sometimes designates prolongation of the previous vowel, and sometimes is pronounced as 'y'.

 I, ı    as protracted i in the word platinum, back-mouth version of vowel i  

Ñ, ñ    as the ‘ng’ in ‘darling

Q, q    guttural version of k, pronounced down in the throat

 X, x    guttural 'h', pronounced down in the throat, represented in English as kh

Pronunciation - Uzbek

Pronunciation as in English, Uzbek specifics are identical to letters of Turkish alphabet but using English conventions. Stress in Uzbek is generally on the last syllable, except for a few suffixes, which are never stressed. Two adjacent vowels are pronounced separately, e.g. “soat” is pronounced like English “saw at”, but a vowel followed by “y” becomes a diphthong, e.g. “boy” is pronounced the same as English “boy”.

A, a

'a' as in 'cat'

E, e

'ye' as in 'yet' at the beginning of a word, 'e' as in 'let' elsewhere

Y, y

'y' as in 'yawn'

I I

'i' as in 'pin'

O o

'o' as in 'pot'

R r

rolled 'r', between vowels like 'dd' in 'ladder'

U u

'oo' as in 'cool'

X x

 guttural version of 'h', pronounced down in the throat, represented in English as kh

O' o'

'u' as in 'put', in some dialects a second vowel, similar to 'au' as in 'caught'

Q q

guttural  'k', pronounced down in the throat

G' g'

guttural version of 'r' (voiced version of 'x')

 

Back

In Russian

  Hunnic Writing

Turanian Writing

Paleography of 8 Türkic Alphabets

Türkic and Kharosthi Table

Karosthi (Kharosthi) Script

Karosthi-Aramaic Script

Alan Dateline
Bulgar Dateline
Huns Dateline
Kipchak Dateline
Sabir Dateline
Besenyos, Ogur and Oguz